Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF Model

The Internet is not just used for communication, transactions, and cloud storage; it also serves as a massive knowledge store where both people and machines can create, analyze, and use data and information. The Semantic Web was designed to enable machines to interpret the meaning of data, facilitat...

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Main Authors: Abdullah Uz Tansel, Di Wu, Hsien-Tseng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2109
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author Abdullah Uz Tansel
Di Wu
Hsien-Tseng Wang
author_facet Abdullah Uz Tansel
Di Wu
Hsien-Tseng Wang
author_sort Abdullah Uz Tansel
collection DOAJ
description The Internet is not just used for communication, transactions, and cloud storage; it also serves as a massive knowledge store where both people and machines can create, analyze, and use data and information. The Semantic Web was designed to enable machines to interpret the meaning of data, facilitating more informed and autonomous decision-making. The foundation of the Semantic Web is the Resource Description Framework (RDF). The standard RDF is limited to representing simple binary relationships in the form of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo><</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>o</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>></mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> triple. In this paper, we present a new data model called BiTemporal RDF (BiTRDF), which adds valid time and transaction time to the standard RDF. Our approach treats temporal information as references instead of attributes, simplifying the semantics while enhancing the model’s expressiveness and consistency. BiTRDF treats all resources and relationships as inherently bitemporal, enabling the representation and reasoning of complex temporal relationships in RDF. Illustrative examples demonstrate the model’s support for type propagation, domain-range inference, and transitive relationships in a temporal setting. While this work lays a theoretical foundation, future research will address implementation, query language support, and compatibility with RDF streams and legacy systems.
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spelling doaj-art-782c01d3d6ab48c6bea30f08f3149cc82025-08-20T02:35:44ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-06-011313210910.3390/math13132109Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF ModelAbdullah Uz Tansel0Di Wu1Hsien-Tseng Wang2Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USALehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USALehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USAThe Internet is not just used for communication, transactions, and cloud storage; it also serves as a massive knowledge store where both people and machines can create, analyze, and use data and information. The Semantic Web was designed to enable machines to interpret the meaning of data, facilitating more informed and autonomous decision-making. The foundation of the Semantic Web is the Resource Description Framework (RDF). The standard RDF is limited to representing simple binary relationships in the form of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo><</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>o</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>></mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> triple. In this paper, we present a new data model called BiTemporal RDF (BiTRDF), which adds valid time and transaction time to the standard RDF. Our approach treats temporal information as references instead of attributes, simplifying the semantics while enhancing the model’s expressiveness and consistency. BiTRDF treats all resources and relationships as inherently bitemporal, enabling the representation and reasoning of complex temporal relationships in RDF. Illustrative examples demonstrate the model’s support for type propagation, domain-range inference, and transitive relationships in a temporal setting. While this work lays a theoretical foundation, future research will address implementation, query language support, and compatibility with RDF streams and legacy systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2109Semantic WebRDFvalid timetransaction timetemporal databasebitemporal RDF
spellingShingle Abdullah Uz Tansel
Di Wu
Hsien-Tseng Wang
Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF Model
Mathematics
Semantic Web
RDF
valid time
transaction time
temporal database
bitemporal RDF
title Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF Model
title_full Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF Model
title_fullStr Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF Model
title_full_unstemmed Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF Model
title_short Time Travel with the BiTemporal RDF Model
title_sort time travel with the bitemporal rdf model
topic Semantic Web
RDF
valid time
transaction time
temporal database
bitemporal RDF
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2109
work_keys_str_mv AT abdullahuztansel timetravelwiththebitemporalrdfmodel
AT diwu timetravelwiththebitemporalrdfmodel
AT hsientsengwang timetravelwiththebitemporalrdfmodel