Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda
Background. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be associated with higher pregnancy rates. Methods. The prevalence and incidence of pregnancy was assessed in 712 HIV+ pre-ART women of reproductive age (WRA) (15–45) and 244 HIV+ WRA initiating ART. Prevalence rate ratios (PRR), incidence rate rat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2011-01-01
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| Series: | AIDS Research and Treatment |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/519492 |
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| author | Fredrick. E. Makumbi Gertrude Nakigozi Steven. J. Reynolds Anthony Ndyanabo Tom Lutalo David Serwada Fred Nalugoda Maria Wawer Ron Gray |
| author_facet | Fredrick. E. Makumbi Gertrude Nakigozi Steven. J. Reynolds Anthony Ndyanabo Tom Lutalo David Serwada Fred Nalugoda Maria Wawer Ron Gray |
| author_sort | Fredrick. E. Makumbi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be associated with higher pregnancy rates.
Methods. The prevalence and incidence of pregnancy was assessed in 712 HIV+ pre-ART women of reproductive age (WRA) (15–45) and 244 HIV+ WRA initiating ART. Prevalence rate ratios (PRR), incidence rate ratios (IRR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed.
Results. The incidence of pregnancy was 13.1/100 py among women in pre-ART care compared to 24.6/100 py among women on ART (IRR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.37, 0.81, p<0.0017). The prevalence of pregnancy at ART initiation was 12.0% with CD4 counts 100–250 compared with 3.2% with CD4 <100 (PRR = 3.24, CI 1.51–6.93), and the incidence of pregnancy while on ART was highest in women with a good immunologic response. Desire for more children was a very important factor in fertility.
Conclusion. ART was associated with increased pregnancy rates in HIV+ women, particularly those with higher CD4 counts and good immunologic response to therapy, suggesting a need to strengthen reproductive health services for both women and their partners that could address their fertility decisions/intentions particularly after ART initiation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7829becd690f4d00972ea6bf2c784e21 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-1240 2090-1259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIDS Research and Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-7829becd690f4d00972ea6bf2c784e212025-02-03T06:01:11ZengWileyAIDS Research and Treatment2090-12402090-12592011-01-01201110.1155/2011/519492519492Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, UgandaFredrick. E. Makumbi0Gertrude Nakigozi1Steven. J. Reynolds2Anthony Ndyanabo3Tom Lutalo4David Serwada5Fred Nalugoda6Maria Wawer7Ron Gray8School of Public Health, Makerere University, 7072 Kampala, UgandaRakai Health Sciences Program, 279 Kalisizo, UgandaNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USARakai Health Sciences Program, 279 Kalisizo, UgandaRakai Health Sciences Program, 279 Kalisizo, UgandaSchool of Public Health, Makerere University, 7072 Kampala, UgandaRakai Health Sciences Program, 279 Kalisizo, UgandaSchool of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, MD 21205, USASchool of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, MD 21205, USABackground. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be associated with higher pregnancy rates. Methods. The prevalence and incidence of pregnancy was assessed in 712 HIV+ pre-ART women of reproductive age (WRA) (15–45) and 244 HIV+ WRA initiating ART. Prevalence rate ratios (PRR), incidence rate ratios (IRR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed. Results. The incidence of pregnancy was 13.1/100 py among women in pre-ART care compared to 24.6/100 py among women on ART (IRR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.37, 0.81, p<0.0017). The prevalence of pregnancy at ART initiation was 12.0% with CD4 counts 100–250 compared with 3.2% with CD4 <100 (PRR = 3.24, CI 1.51–6.93), and the incidence of pregnancy while on ART was highest in women with a good immunologic response. Desire for more children was a very important factor in fertility. Conclusion. ART was associated with increased pregnancy rates in HIV+ women, particularly those with higher CD4 counts and good immunologic response to therapy, suggesting a need to strengthen reproductive health services for both women and their partners that could address their fertility decisions/intentions particularly after ART initiation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/519492 |
| spellingShingle | Fredrick. E. Makumbi Gertrude Nakigozi Steven. J. Reynolds Anthony Ndyanabo Tom Lutalo David Serwada Fred Nalugoda Maria Wawer Ron Gray Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda AIDS Research and Treatment |
| title | Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda |
| title_full | Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda |
| title_short | Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda |
| title_sort | associations between hiv antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of pregnancy in rakai uganda |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/519492 |
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