A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

The increasing demand for efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies has driven extensive research into alternative electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Platinum-based catalysts, while highly efficient, suffer from high costs, scarcity, and long-term instability La...

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Main Authors: Giulia Massaglia, Marzia Quaglio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1070
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author Giulia Massaglia
Marzia Quaglio
author_facet Giulia Massaglia
Marzia Quaglio
author_sort Giulia Massaglia
collection DOAJ
description The increasing demand for efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies has driven extensive research into alternative electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Platinum-based catalysts, while highly efficient, suffer from high costs, scarcity, and long-term instability Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) has recently attracted considerable interest as an effective metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), owing to its remarkable electrical conductivity, customizable surface functionalities, and multi-scale porous architecture. This review explores the synthesis strategies, physicochemical properties, and ORR catalytic performance of LIG. Additionally, this review offered a detailed overview regarding the effective pole of heteroatom doping (N, S, P, B) and functionalization techniques to enhance catalytic activity. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future perspectives of LIG-based ORR catalysts for fuel cells and other electrochemical energy applications. Furthermore, laser-induced-graphene (LIG) has emerged as a highly attractive candidate for electrochemical energy conversion systems, due to its large specific surface area, tunable porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, and cost-effective fabrication process. This review discusses recent advancements in LIG synthesis, its structural and electrochemical properties, and its applications in supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and electrocatalysis. Despite its advantages, challenges such as mechanical stability, electrochemical degradation, and large-scale production remain key areas for improvement. Additionally, this review explores future perspectives on optimizing LIG for next-generation energy storage and conversion technologies.
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spelling doaj-art-7827d30a886a4e74a8baff91bfc0f96c2025-08-20T03:32:16ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-07-011514107010.3390/nano15141070A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and ConversionGiulia Massaglia0Marzia Quaglio1Department of Applied Science and Technology, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyThe increasing demand for efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies has driven extensive research into alternative electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Platinum-based catalysts, while highly efficient, suffer from high costs, scarcity, and long-term instability Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) has recently attracted considerable interest as an effective metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), owing to its remarkable electrical conductivity, customizable surface functionalities, and multi-scale porous architecture. This review explores the synthesis strategies, physicochemical properties, and ORR catalytic performance of LIG. Additionally, this review offered a detailed overview regarding the effective pole of heteroatom doping (N, S, P, B) and functionalization techniques to enhance catalytic activity. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future perspectives of LIG-based ORR catalysts for fuel cells and other electrochemical energy applications. Furthermore, laser-induced-graphene (LIG) has emerged as a highly attractive candidate for electrochemical energy conversion systems, due to its large specific surface area, tunable porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, and cost-effective fabrication process. This review discusses recent advancements in LIG synthesis, its structural and electrochemical properties, and its applications in supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and electrocatalysis. Despite its advantages, challenges such as mechanical stability, electrochemical degradation, and large-scale production remain key areas for improvement. Additionally, this review explores future perspectives on optimizing LIG for next-generation energy storage and conversion technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1070laser-induced graphene (LIG)metal-free catalystselectrochemical energy devicesenergy storage devices
spellingShingle Giulia Massaglia
Marzia Quaglio
A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Nanomaterials
laser-induced graphene (LIG)
metal-free catalysts
electrochemical energy devices
energy storage devices
title A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
title_full A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
title_fullStr A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
title_full_unstemmed A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
title_short A Review on Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
title_sort review on laser induced graphene based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in electrochemical energy storage and conversion
topic laser-induced graphene (LIG)
metal-free catalysts
electrochemical energy devices
energy storage devices
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1070
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