Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle Type
The advancement of technology in agriculture has driven the use of drones for spraying, with their increasing adoption presenting challenges in calibration and volumetric distribution efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the volumetric distribution of drone spraying by combining different operat...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | AgriEngineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/4/123 |
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| author | Raí Fernandes Queiroz Alves Jéssica Elaine Silva Thiago Orlando Costa Barboza Marcelo Araújo Junqueira Ferraz Octávio Pereira da Costa Wender Henrique Batista da Silva Franklin Daniel Inácio Luan Pereira de Oliveira Christiane Augusta Diniz Melo Adão Felipe dos Santos |
| author_facet | Raí Fernandes Queiroz Alves Jéssica Elaine Silva Thiago Orlando Costa Barboza Marcelo Araújo Junqueira Ferraz Octávio Pereira da Costa Wender Henrique Batista da Silva Franklin Daniel Inácio Luan Pereira de Oliveira Christiane Augusta Diniz Melo Adão Felipe dos Santos |
| author_sort | Raí Fernandes Queiroz Alves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The advancement of technology in agriculture has driven the use of drones for spraying, with their increasing adoption presenting challenges in calibration and volumetric distribution efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the volumetric distribution of drone spraying by combining different operational parameters to determine spray swath and application uniformity. Experiments were conducted using a DJI T10 drone and a volumetric distribution table to assess the impact of different flight heights (2, 3, and 4 m), application volumes (8, 12, 16, and 20 L ha<sup>−1</sup>), and nozzle types (FV 110 015, FL 110 010, and CO 080 010). Environmental conditions were monitored, and data were analyzed using histograms, analysis of variance (ANOVA) by F-test (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), and the Scott–Knott test (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) to group means. Results indicated that a lower application volume (8 L ha<sup>−1</sup>) led to greater application uniformity and a narrower spray swath. Higher flight altitude (4 m) resulted in a wider spray swath and a normal distribution of spray deposition. Fine droplet nozzles (CO 080 010) enhanced uniformity, while very coarse droplets (FV 110 015) concentrated more volume in the center of the swath. Thus, using fine droplet nozzles (CO 080 010), lower application volume (8 and 12 L ha<sup>−1</sup>), and higher flight altitude (4 m) as operational parameters maximizes drone spraying efficiency; however, this also increases drift potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-781fa4cc07dc4839a31d56cf9b7ba5aa |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2624-7402 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AgriEngineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-781fa4cc07dc4839a31d56cf9b7ba5aa2025-08-20T03:14:19ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022025-04-017412310.3390/agriengineering7040123Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle TypeRaí Fernandes Queiroz Alves0Jéssica Elaine Silva1Thiago Orlando Costa Barboza2Marcelo Araújo Junqueira Ferraz3Octávio Pereira da Costa4Wender Henrique Batista da Silva5Franklin Daniel Inácio6Luan Pereira de Oliveira7Christiane Augusta Diniz Melo8Adão Felipe dos Santos9Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Horticulture, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilThe advancement of technology in agriculture has driven the use of drones for spraying, with their increasing adoption presenting challenges in calibration and volumetric distribution efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the volumetric distribution of drone spraying by combining different operational parameters to determine spray swath and application uniformity. Experiments were conducted using a DJI T10 drone and a volumetric distribution table to assess the impact of different flight heights (2, 3, and 4 m), application volumes (8, 12, 16, and 20 L ha<sup>−1</sup>), and nozzle types (FV 110 015, FL 110 010, and CO 080 010). Environmental conditions were monitored, and data were analyzed using histograms, analysis of variance (ANOVA) by F-test (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), and the Scott–Knott test (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) to group means. Results indicated that a lower application volume (8 L ha<sup>−1</sup>) led to greater application uniformity and a narrower spray swath. Higher flight altitude (4 m) resulted in a wider spray swath and a normal distribution of spray deposition. Fine droplet nozzles (CO 080 010) enhanced uniformity, while very coarse droplets (FV 110 015) concentrated more volume in the center of the swath. Thus, using fine droplet nozzles (CO 080 010), lower application volume (8 and 12 L ha<sup>−1</sup>), and higher flight altitude (4 m) as operational parameters maximizes drone spraying efficiency; however, this also increases drift potential.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/4/123drone technologyoperational parametersUAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)spray swathapplication uniformityprecision agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Raí Fernandes Queiroz Alves Jéssica Elaine Silva Thiago Orlando Costa Barboza Marcelo Araújo Junqueira Ferraz Octávio Pereira da Costa Wender Henrique Batista da Silva Franklin Daniel Inácio Luan Pereira de Oliveira Christiane Augusta Diniz Melo Adão Felipe dos Santos Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle Type AgriEngineering drone technology operational parameters UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) spray swath application uniformity precision agriculture |
| title | Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle Type |
| title_full | Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle Type |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle Type |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle Type |
| title_short | Comparison of Volumetric Distribution in Drone Spraying Considering Height, Application Volume, and Nozzle Type |
| title_sort | comparison of volumetric distribution in drone spraying considering height application volume and nozzle type |
| topic | drone technology operational parameters UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) spray swath application uniformity precision agriculture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/4/123 |
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