Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot study

Objectives: The objective of the study was to propose and test a new grading system to quantify the clinical eruption of teeth into the oral cavity. In addition, the study also aimed to apply the grading system to a sample population to determine the chronology and sequence of permanent tooth erupti...

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Main Authors: S Vandana, MS Muthu, D Kandaswamy, MB Aswath Narayanan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426824001155
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author S Vandana
MS Muthu
D Kandaswamy
MB Aswath Narayanan
author_facet S Vandana
MS Muthu
D Kandaswamy
MB Aswath Narayanan
author_sort S Vandana
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: The objective of the study was to propose and test a new grading system to quantify the clinical eruption of teeth into the oral cavity. In addition, the study also aimed to apply the grading system to a sample population to determine the chronology and sequence of permanent tooth eruptions, comparing the results with an existing standard table. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed, and 1220 children aged 5–18 years were selected from five schools in Chennai. The clinical status of permanent tooth eruption was graded using the newly proposed system. The sequence and chronology of permanent tooth eruptions were determined using Probit analysis and compared with those established by Logan and Kronfeld. The difference in stages of eruption between the sexes was analyzed using the ANOVA test. Results: The study sample included 515 boys and 705 girls. A total of 23,218 permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth were examined and graded. Of the 11,085 maxillary teeth, 367 were classified as grade 1, 660 as grade 2, and 10,058 as grade 3. Similarly, of the 12,133 mandibular teeth, 497 were grade 1, 793 were grade 2, and 10,843 were grade 3. The eruption of the maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars was observed to have occurred earlier than in the traditional table of tooth eruption. The most significant differences in the stages of eruption between the sexes were observed in the 9–12 age group. Conclusions: The newly proposed grading system was found to be simple, objective, less confusing, and more robust, compared with the existing systems in determining the clinical status of tooth eruptions. The ages of eruption of maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars were earlier.
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spelling doaj-art-7817dfda1ab34becb474e51b6a41555c2025-08-20T02:50:29ZengElsevierJournal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research2212-42682024-09-0114558559310.1016/j.jobcr.2024.07.005Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot studyS Vandana0MS Muthu1D Kandaswamy2MB Aswath Narayanan3Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, 600116, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCentre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Corresponding author. Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThe Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Head of the Department, Department of Public Health Dentistry, TN Govt Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaObjectives: The objective of the study was to propose and test a new grading system to quantify the clinical eruption of teeth into the oral cavity. In addition, the study also aimed to apply the grading system to a sample population to determine the chronology and sequence of permanent tooth eruptions, comparing the results with an existing standard table. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed, and 1220 children aged 5–18 years were selected from five schools in Chennai. The clinical status of permanent tooth eruption was graded using the newly proposed system. The sequence and chronology of permanent tooth eruptions were determined using Probit analysis and compared with those established by Logan and Kronfeld. The difference in stages of eruption between the sexes was analyzed using the ANOVA test. Results: The study sample included 515 boys and 705 girls. A total of 23,218 permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth were examined and graded. Of the 11,085 maxillary teeth, 367 were classified as grade 1, 660 as grade 2, and 10,058 as grade 3. Similarly, of the 12,133 mandibular teeth, 497 were grade 1, 793 were grade 2, and 10,843 were grade 3. The eruption of the maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars was observed to have occurred earlier than in the traditional table of tooth eruption. The most significant differences in the stages of eruption between the sexes were observed in the 9–12 age group. Conclusions: The newly proposed grading system was found to be simple, objective, less confusing, and more robust, compared with the existing systems in determining the clinical status of tooth eruptions. The ages of eruption of maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars were earlier.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426824001155Developmental biologyTooth eruptionPermanent teethGrading
spellingShingle S Vandana
MS Muthu
D Kandaswamy
MB Aswath Narayanan
Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot study
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Developmental biology
Tooth eruption
Permanent teeth
Grading
title Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot study
title_full Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot study
title_fullStr Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot study
title_short Proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption: A pilot study
title_sort proposal for a grading system to determine the clinical status and sequence of permanent teeth eruption a pilot study
topic Developmental biology
Tooth eruption
Permanent teeth
Grading
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426824001155
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AT dkandaswamy proposalforagradingsystemtodeterminetheclinicalstatusandsequenceofpermanentteetheruptionapilotstudy
AT mbaswathnarayanan proposalforagradingsystemtodeterminetheclinicalstatusandsequenceofpermanentteetheruptionapilotstudy