Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report

<b>Background:</b> Spasticity, a hallmark of quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP), severely impacts mobility and quality of life. While exercise is known to enhance fitness and motor function in individuals with CP, its specific efficacy in reducing upper extremity spasticity remains insuffi...

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Main Authors: Juntack Oh, Michele Aquino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/177
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author Juntack Oh
Michele Aquino
author_facet Juntack Oh
Michele Aquino
author_sort Juntack Oh
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Spasticity, a hallmark of quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP), severely impacts mobility and quality of life. While exercise is known to enhance fitness and motor function in individuals with CP, its specific efficacy in reducing upper extremity spasticity remains insufficiently studied. This research investigated the effects of weight-resistance exercise (RE), hand cycle bike exercise (BE), and aquatic exercise (AE) on upper extremity spasticity in an adult with quadriplegic CP. <b>Method:</b> The participant was a 35-year-old individual with quadriplegic spastic CP, presenting severe spasticity in the right upper extremity and lower limbs, and milder left arm involvement. Dependent on a power wheelchair, they were cognitively intact, college-educated, and had participated in a community exercise program for five years. Over nine weeks, the participant completed 18 sessions—6 per modality of RE, BE, and AE—with each session held twice weekly for 50 min. Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) before and after sessions, with comprehensive pre- and post-intervention evaluations. <b>Result:</b> Total MAS scores decreased significantly from 2.76 to 2.33 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). AE yielded the largest reduction (2.81 to 2.10), followed by BE (2.75 to 2.36) and RE (2.72 to 2.54). ANOVA confirmed AE’s superior efficacy (F(2,15) = 27.20, <i>p</i> < 0.001, ηp<sup>2</sup> = 0.78), with a 0.33 reduction overall. <b>Conclusions:</b> AE was most effective, likely due to buoyancy, followed by BE, with RE showing the least impact. These findings highlight aquatic interventions as promising for spasticity management in CP, necessitating further longitudinal, multi-participant research.
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spelling doaj-art-7801ebdc783c4edf9ff0dc4b5ab835882025-08-20T02:21:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422025-05-0110217710.3390/jfmk10020177Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case ReportJuntack Oh0Michele Aquino1Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USADepartment of Health and Sport Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA<b>Background:</b> Spasticity, a hallmark of quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP), severely impacts mobility and quality of life. While exercise is known to enhance fitness and motor function in individuals with CP, its specific efficacy in reducing upper extremity spasticity remains insufficiently studied. This research investigated the effects of weight-resistance exercise (RE), hand cycle bike exercise (BE), and aquatic exercise (AE) on upper extremity spasticity in an adult with quadriplegic CP. <b>Method:</b> The participant was a 35-year-old individual with quadriplegic spastic CP, presenting severe spasticity in the right upper extremity and lower limbs, and milder left arm involvement. Dependent on a power wheelchair, they were cognitively intact, college-educated, and had participated in a community exercise program for five years. Over nine weeks, the participant completed 18 sessions—6 per modality of RE, BE, and AE—with each session held twice weekly for 50 min. Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) before and after sessions, with comprehensive pre- and post-intervention evaluations. <b>Result:</b> Total MAS scores decreased significantly from 2.76 to 2.33 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). AE yielded the largest reduction (2.81 to 2.10), followed by BE (2.75 to 2.36) and RE (2.72 to 2.54). ANOVA confirmed AE’s superior efficacy (F(2,15) = 27.20, <i>p</i> < 0.001, ηp<sup>2</sup> = 0.78), with a 0.33 reduction overall. <b>Conclusions:</b> AE was most effective, likely due to buoyancy, followed by BE, with RE showing the least impact. These findings highlight aquatic interventions as promising for spasticity management in CP, necessitating further longitudinal, multi-participant research.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/177spasticitycerebral palsyexercisephysical activity
spellingShingle Juntack Oh
Michele Aquino
Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
spasticity
cerebral palsy
exercise
physical activity
title Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
title_full Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
title_fullStr Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
title_short Impact of Exercise Modalities on Upper Extremity Spasticity in an Adult with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
title_sort impact of exercise modalities on upper extremity spasticity in an adult with quadriplegic cerebral palsy a case report
topic spasticity
cerebral palsy
exercise
physical activity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/177
work_keys_str_mv AT juntackoh impactofexercisemodalitiesonupperextremityspasticityinanadultwithquadriplegiccerebralpalsyacasereport
AT micheleaquino impactofexercisemodalitiesonupperextremityspasticityinanadultwithquadriplegiccerebralpalsyacasereport