Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel Anastomosis

Summary:. Efferent lymphatic vessel anastomosis (ELVA) is a microsurgical technique used to anastomose efferent lymphatic vessels from the inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) to the veins in patients with lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). Intraoperative detection of inguinal LNs is important when performing...

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Main Authors: Masato Tsuchiya, MD, PhD, Toshifumi Yamashiro, MD, Satoru Tamura, MD, PhD, Satoshi Kubo, MD, Tetsushi Aizawa, MD, PhD, Ryuichi Azuma, MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer 2025-06-01
Series:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open
Online Access:http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006812
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author Masato Tsuchiya, MD, PhD
Toshifumi Yamashiro, MD
Satoru Tamura, MD, PhD
Satoshi Kubo, MD
Tetsushi Aizawa, MD, PhD
Ryuichi Azuma, MD, PhD
author_facet Masato Tsuchiya, MD, PhD
Toshifumi Yamashiro, MD
Satoru Tamura, MD, PhD
Satoshi Kubo, MD
Tetsushi Aizawa, MD, PhD
Ryuichi Azuma, MD, PhD
author_sort Masato Tsuchiya, MD, PhD
collection DOAJ
description Summary:. Efferent lymphatic vessel anastomosis (ELVA) is a microsurgical technique used to anastomose efferent lymphatic vessels from the inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) to the veins in patients with lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). Intraoperative detection of inguinal LNs is important when performing ELVA. Identifying inguinal LNs in patients with mild LEL is easy on palpation, ultrasonography, and indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography because the LNs are large and have good ICG uptake. In contrast, inguinal LNs of patients with advanced LEL are small and have minimal to no ICG uptake owing to lymphatic degeneration; thus, finding LNs in patients with advanced LEL is difficult, and novel techniques are required. This feasibility study evaluated the effectiveness of gamma probes and lymphoscintigraphy in these patients. Nineteen limbs were included in this study. Patients were injected with a Tc99m isotope 24 hours before ELVA and evaluated based on the Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging (TLS). Inguinal LNs with radioisotope accumulation were looked for intraoperatively using a gamma probe. Eleven of the 19 limbs were classified as partial obstruction according to the TLS. The detection of LNs using a probe was successful in all limbs classified as partial obstruction, excluding 1 case. However, the gamma probe did not respond to inguinal LNs in limbs classified as total obstruction. In this study, the gamma probe was useful in identifying suitable inguinal LNs for performing ELVA in patients with partial obstruction findings on TLS.
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spelling doaj-art-77fd966f7bb44203950af71960ddebfb2025-08-20T03:23:07ZengWolters KluwerPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open2169-75742025-06-01136e681210.1097/GOX.0000000000006812202506000-00005Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel AnastomosisMasato Tsuchiya, MD, PhD0Toshifumi Yamashiro, MD1Satoru Tamura, MD, PhD2Satoshi Kubo, MD3Tetsushi Aizawa, MD, PhD4Ryuichi Azuma, MD, PhD5From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.Summary:. Efferent lymphatic vessel anastomosis (ELVA) is a microsurgical technique used to anastomose efferent lymphatic vessels from the inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) to the veins in patients with lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). Intraoperative detection of inguinal LNs is important when performing ELVA. Identifying inguinal LNs in patients with mild LEL is easy on palpation, ultrasonography, and indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography because the LNs are large and have good ICG uptake. In contrast, inguinal LNs of patients with advanced LEL are small and have minimal to no ICG uptake owing to lymphatic degeneration; thus, finding LNs in patients with advanced LEL is difficult, and novel techniques are required. This feasibility study evaluated the effectiveness of gamma probes and lymphoscintigraphy in these patients. Nineteen limbs were included in this study. Patients were injected with a Tc99m isotope 24 hours before ELVA and evaluated based on the Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging (TLS). Inguinal LNs with radioisotope accumulation were looked for intraoperatively using a gamma probe. Eleven of the 19 limbs were classified as partial obstruction according to the TLS. The detection of LNs using a probe was successful in all limbs classified as partial obstruction, excluding 1 case. However, the gamma probe did not respond to inguinal LNs in limbs classified as total obstruction. In this study, the gamma probe was useful in identifying suitable inguinal LNs for performing ELVA in patients with partial obstruction findings on TLS.http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006812
spellingShingle Masato Tsuchiya, MD, PhD
Toshifumi Yamashiro, MD
Satoru Tamura, MD, PhD
Satoshi Kubo, MD
Tetsushi Aizawa, MD, PhD
Ryuichi Azuma, MD, PhD
Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel Anastomosis
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open
title Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel Anastomosis
title_full Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel Anastomosis
title_fullStr Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel Anastomosis
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel Anastomosis
title_short Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Using Gamma Probe Guidance for Efferent Lymphatic Vessel Anastomosis
title_sort detection of efferent lymphatic vessels using gamma probe guidance for efferent lymphatic vessel anastomosis
url http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006812
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