Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patients
IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) affects 50 million individuals worldwide, a number projected to triple by 2050. Due to discomfort through electrical and magnetic neuromodulation technologies, this is the first study to propose the potential of auditory binaural beat (BB) stimulation at an alpha...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1543282/full |
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| author | Muhammad Danish Mujib Ahmad Zahid Rao Ahmad Zahid Rao Muhammad Fahim Ul Haque Ahmad O. Alokaily Ahmad O. Alokaily Syeda Sehar Hussain Ahmed A. Aldohbayb Ahmed A. Aldohbayb Saad Ahmed Qazi Saad Ahmed Qazi Muhammad Abul Hasan Muhammad Abul Hasan |
| author_facet | Muhammad Danish Mujib Ahmad Zahid Rao Ahmad Zahid Rao Muhammad Fahim Ul Haque Ahmad O. Alokaily Ahmad O. Alokaily Syeda Sehar Hussain Ahmed A. Aldohbayb Ahmed A. Aldohbayb Saad Ahmed Qazi Saad Ahmed Qazi Muhammad Abul Hasan Muhammad Abul Hasan |
| author_sort | Muhammad Danish Mujib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) affects 50 million individuals worldwide, a number projected to triple by 2050. Due to discomfort through electrical and magnetic neuromodulation technologies, this is the first study to propose the potential of auditory binaural beat (BB) stimulation at an alpha frequency (10 Hz) for enhancing cognitive and neurological outcomes in AD patients.MethodsTwenty-five patients were divided into the experimental-Group (n = 15) and control-Group (n = 10). Psychometric and neurological assessments were conducted Pre-Treatment (Day 1) and Post-Treatment (Day 14) following consecutive days of binaural beats (BB) or auditory tone stimulation administered from Day 2 to Day 13.ResultsA two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of group (F = 6.087, p = 0.016) and session (F = 3.859, p = 0.024) on MMSE scores, with the experimental group showing significant improvement in MMSE scores (t = 7.33, p = 0.00000012) compared to the control group (p = 0.2306). Paired t-tests revealed a significant reduction in depression scores (DASS-21, t = 1.701, p = 0.0253) in the experimental group, while no significant improvements were noted in the control group. EEG recordings revealed significant changes in α-band, β-band, and γ-band power (p < 0.05). Moreover, The correlation between EEG bands and MMSE subparts showed that increased θ-band power in the experimental group was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the frontal region during language tasks and in the frontal and central regions during registration and orientation tasks, indicating potential neurocognitive benefits.DiscussionThe results of this research imply that BB stimulation has untapped potential as a non-invasive therapy for patients with AD, hence there is the need for further studies to manage the dementia epidemic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77f059c3f0b94cd8ae8b4ac73bed4043 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-77f059c3f0b94cd8ae8b4ac73bed40432025-08-20T02:00:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652025-03-011710.3389/fnagi.2025.15432821543282Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patientsMuhammad Danish Mujib0Ahmad Zahid Rao1Ahmad Zahid Rao2Muhammad Fahim Ul Haque3Ahmad O. Alokaily4Ahmad O. Alokaily5Syeda Sehar Hussain6Ahmed A. Aldohbayb7Ahmed A. Aldohbayb8Saad Ahmed Qazi9Saad Ahmed Qazi10Muhammad Abul Hasan11Muhammad Abul Hasan12Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United StatesDepartment of Telecommunication Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanNeurocomputation Lab, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanNeurocomputation Lab, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, PakistanIntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) affects 50 million individuals worldwide, a number projected to triple by 2050. Due to discomfort through electrical and magnetic neuromodulation technologies, this is the first study to propose the potential of auditory binaural beat (BB) stimulation at an alpha frequency (10 Hz) for enhancing cognitive and neurological outcomes in AD patients.MethodsTwenty-five patients were divided into the experimental-Group (n = 15) and control-Group (n = 10). Psychometric and neurological assessments were conducted Pre-Treatment (Day 1) and Post-Treatment (Day 14) following consecutive days of binaural beats (BB) or auditory tone stimulation administered from Day 2 to Day 13.ResultsA two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of group (F = 6.087, p = 0.016) and session (F = 3.859, p = 0.024) on MMSE scores, with the experimental group showing significant improvement in MMSE scores (t = 7.33, p = 0.00000012) compared to the control group (p = 0.2306). Paired t-tests revealed a significant reduction in depression scores (DASS-21, t = 1.701, p = 0.0253) in the experimental group, while no significant improvements were noted in the control group. EEG recordings revealed significant changes in α-band, β-band, and γ-band power (p < 0.05). Moreover, The correlation between EEG bands and MMSE subparts showed that increased θ-band power in the experimental group was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the frontal region during language tasks and in the frontal and central regions during registration and orientation tasks, indicating potential neurocognitive benefits.DiscussionThe results of this research imply that BB stimulation has untapped potential as a non-invasive therapy for patients with AD, hence there is the need for further studies to manage the dementia epidemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1543282/fullAlzheimer’s diseasebinaural beatcognitive scorecorrelationEEG |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Danish Mujib Ahmad Zahid Rao Ahmad Zahid Rao Muhammad Fahim Ul Haque Ahmad O. Alokaily Ahmad O. Alokaily Syeda Sehar Hussain Ahmed A. Aldohbayb Ahmed A. Aldohbayb Saad Ahmed Qazi Saad Ahmed Qazi Muhammad Abul Hasan Muhammad Abul Hasan Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patients Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Alzheimer’s disease binaural beat cognitive score correlation EEG |
| title | Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patients |
| title_full | Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patients |
| title_fullStr | Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patients |
| title_short | Modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in Alzheimer’s patients |
| title_sort | modulated theta band frequency with binaural beat stimulation correlates with improved cognitive scores in alzheimer s patients |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease binaural beat cognitive score correlation EEG |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1543282/full |
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