Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom Plants
Plants are continuously exposed to multiple environmental stressors throughout their lifecycle. Understanding their integrated physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses under combined stress conditions is crucial for developing effective approaches to improve stress tolerance and maintain...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Ariana Bertola Carnevale Alan Carlos da Costa Emily Carolina Duarte Santos Adinan Alves da Silva Priscila Ferreira Batista Fábia Barbosa da Silva Luciana Minervina de Freitas Moura Caroline Müller |
| author_facet | Ariana Bertola Carnevale Alan Carlos da Costa Emily Carolina Duarte Santos Adinan Alves da Silva Priscila Ferreira Batista Fábia Barbosa da Silva Luciana Minervina de Freitas Moura Caroline Müller |
| author_sort | Ariana Bertola Carnevale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants are continuously exposed to multiple environmental stressors throughout their lifecycle. Understanding their integrated physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses under combined stress conditions is crucial for developing effective approaches to improve stress tolerance and maintain crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical changes in photomorphogenic Micro-Tom plants exposed to high irradiance and water deficit—an abiotic stress combination that commonly co-occurs in natural environments but remains poorly understood in light-sensitive genotypes. We hypothesized that the <i>high pigment 1</i> (<i>hp1</i>) mutant, due to its enhanced light responsiveness, would display improved stress acclimation compared to the wild-type when exposed to combined stress factors. This study was conducted in a controlled plant growth chamber, using a randomized block design with five replicates. Two Micro-Tom genotypes (<i>wt</i> and <i>hp1</i>) were exposed to control (soil at field capacity (FC) + 450 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD) and combined stress (40% FC + 1800 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD) conditions. Despite the higher concentration of chloroplast pigments in <i>hp1</i>, its photosynthetic performance under combined stress was not significantly improved, and its defense mechanisms did not effectively mitigate the stress impacts. Anatomically, <i>wt</i> exhibited greater structural adjustment, observed by adaptations in the spongy parenchyma and mesophyll. Overall, the <i>wt</i> genotype showed stronger defense mechanisms, while <i>hp1</i> was more susceptible to combined abiotic stress. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-77ee5ebc135b4ae9b1f534f5d127f7f52025-08-20T03:36:13ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-07-011514151810.3390/agriculture15141518Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom PlantsAriana Bertola Carnevale0Alan Carlos da Costa1Emily Carolina Duarte Santos2Adinan Alves da Silva3Priscila Ferreira Batista4Fábia Barbosa da Silva5Luciana Minervina de Freitas Moura6Caroline Müller7Centro Universitário de Mineiros (UNIFIMES), Mineiros 75833-130, GO, BrazilLaboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IFGoiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, BrazilLaboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IFGoiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, BrazilCentro de Excelência em Agricultura Exponencial (CEAGRE), Rio Verde 75905-360, GO, BrazilLaboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IFGoiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, BrazilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados em Agricultura Vertical, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IFGoiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, BrazilLaboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IFGoiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, BrazilLaboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IFGoiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, BrazilPlants are continuously exposed to multiple environmental stressors throughout their lifecycle. Understanding their integrated physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses under combined stress conditions is crucial for developing effective approaches to improve stress tolerance and maintain crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical changes in photomorphogenic Micro-Tom plants exposed to high irradiance and water deficit—an abiotic stress combination that commonly co-occurs in natural environments but remains poorly understood in light-sensitive genotypes. We hypothesized that the <i>high pigment 1</i> (<i>hp1</i>) mutant, due to its enhanced light responsiveness, would display improved stress acclimation compared to the wild-type when exposed to combined stress factors. This study was conducted in a controlled plant growth chamber, using a randomized block design with five replicates. Two Micro-Tom genotypes (<i>wt</i> and <i>hp1</i>) were exposed to control (soil at field capacity (FC) + 450 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD) and combined stress (40% FC + 1800 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD) conditions. Despite the higher concentration of chloroplast pigments in <i>hp1</i>, its photosynthetic performance under combined stress was not significantly improved, and its defense mechanisms did not effectively mitigate the stress impacts. Anatomically, <i>wt</i> exhibited greater structural adjustment, observed by adaptations in the spongy parenchyma and mesophyll. Overall, the <i>wt</i> genotype showed stronger defense mechanisms, while <i>hp1</i> was more susceptible to combined abiotic stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/14/1518<i>high pigment 1</i> mutantphotomorphogenic micro-tomatoabiotic stress |
| spellingShingle | Ariana Bertola Carnevale Alan Carlos da Costa Emily Carolina Duarte Santos Adinan Alves da Silva Priscila Ferreira Batista Fábia Barbosa da Silva Luciana Minervina de Freitas Moura Caroline Müller Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom Plants Agriculture <i>high pigment 1</i> mutant photomorphogenic micro-tomato abiotic stress |
| title | Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom Plants |
| title_full | Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom Plants |
| title_fullStr | Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom Plants |
| title_short | Combined High Irradiance and Water Deficit Alters the Anatomy and Physiology of Photomorphogenic Mutant Micro-Tom Plants |
| title_sort | combined high irradiance and water deficit alters the anatomy and physiology of photomorphogenic mutant micro tom plants |
| topic | <i>high pigment 1</i> mutant photomorphogenic micro-tomato abiotic stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/14/1518 |
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