Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System
Innate immunity is critical for insects to adjust to complicated environments. Studying the insect immune system can aid in identifying novel insecticide targets and provide insights for developing novel pest control strategies. Insects recognize environmental pathogens through pattern recognition r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/82 |
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| author | Shan Zhang Zhengyan Wang Qiong Luo Lizhen Zhou Xin Du Yonglin Ren |
| author_facet | Shan Zhang Zhengyan Wang Qiong Luo Lizhen Zhou Xin Du Yonglin Ren |
| author_sort | Shan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Innate immunity is critical for insects to adjust to complicated environments. Studying the insect immune system can aid in identifying novel insecticide targets and provide insights for developing novel pest control strategies. Insects recognize environmental pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, thus activating the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. The innate immune system of insects primarily comprises cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Toll, immune deficiency, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription are the main signaling pathways regulating insect humoral immunity. Nevertheless, increasing research has revealed that immune signaling activated by microbes also performs non-immune roles while exerting immune roles, and insulin signaling performs a key role in mediating the connection between the immune system and non-immune physiological activities. Therefore, this paper first briefly reviews the main innate immune signaling and insulin signaling of insects, then summarizes the relationship between immune signaling activated by microbes and insect growth and development, reproduction, pesticide resistance, chemical communication, cell turnover, lifespan, sleep, energy generation pathways and their possible underlying mechanisms. Future research directions and methodologies are also proposed, aiming to provide insights into further study on the physiological mechanism linking microbes and insect hosts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77e8351dc51b4b1fb3d8c17cf26fdeb0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-77e8351dc51b4b1fb3d8c17cf26fdeb02025-01-24T13:35:50ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-01-011618210.3390/insects16010082Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune SystemShan Zhang0Zhengyan Wang1Qiong Luo2Lizhen Zhou3Xin Du4Yonglin Ren5School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, AustraliaCollege of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, AustraliaInnate immunity is critical for insects to adjust to complicated environments. Studying the insect immune system can aid in identifying novel insecticide targets and provide insights for developing novel pest control strategies. Insects recognize environmental pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, thus activating the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. The innate immune system of insects primarily comprises cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Toll, immune deficiency, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription are the main signaling pathways regulating insect humoral immunity. Nevertheless, increasing research has revealed that immune signaling activated by microbes also performs non-immune roles while exerting immune roles, and insulin signaling performs a key role in mediating the connection between the immune system and non-immune physiological activities. Therefore, this paper first briefly reviews the main innate immune signaling and insulin signaling of insects, then summarizes the relationship between immune signaling activated by microbes and insect growth and development, reproduction, pesticide resistance, chemical communication, cell turnover, lifespan, sleep, energy generation pathways and their possible underlying mechanisms. Future research directions and methodologies are also proposed, aiming to provide insights into further study on the physiological mechanism linking microbes and insect hosts.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/82microbeimmune systemgrowth and developmentreproductionpesticide resistancechemical communication |
| spellingShingle | Shan Zhang Zhengyan Wang Qiong Luo Lizhen Zhou Xin Du Yonglin Ren Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System Insects microbe immune system growth and development reproduction pesticide resistance chemical communication |
| title | Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System |
| title_full | Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System |
| title_short | Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System |
| title_sort | effects of microbes on insect host physiology and behavior mediated by the host immune system |
| topic | microbe immune system growth and development reproduction pesticide resistance chemical communication |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/82 |
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