The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax

Language acquisition is multifaceted, relying on cognitive and social abilities in addition to language-specific skills. We hypothesized that executive function (EF) may assist language development by enabling children to revise misinterpretations during online processing, encode language input more...

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Main Authors: Malathi Thothathiri, Evan Kidd, Caroline Rowland
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-03-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.201497
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author Malathi Thothathiri
Evan Kidd
Caroline Rowland
author_facet Malathi Thothathiri
Evan Kidd
Caroline Rowland
author_sort Malathi Thothathiri
collection DOAJ
description Language acquisition is multifaceted, relying on cognitive and social abilities in addition to language-specific skills. We hypothesized that executive function (EF) may assist language development by enabling children to revise misinterpretations during online processing, encode language input more accurately and/or learn non-canonical sentence structures like the passive better over time. One hundred and twenty Dutch preschoolers each completed three sessions of testing (pre-test, exposure and post-test). During pre-test and post-test, we measured their comprehension of passive sentences and performance in three EF tasks. In the exposure session, we tracked children’s eye movements as they listened to passive (and other) sentences. Each child was also assessed for short-term memory and receptive language. Multiple regression evaluated the relationship between EF and online processing and longer-term learning. EF predicted online revision accuracy, while controlling for receptive language, prior passive knowledge and short-term memory, consistent with theories linking EF to the revision of misinterpretations. EF was also associated with longer-term learning, but the results could not disentangle EF from receptive language. These findings broadly support a role for EF in language acquisition, including a specific role in revision during sentence processing and potentially other roles that depend on reciprocal interaction between EF and receptive language.
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spelling doaj-art-77e37d58db0a42f0b385477deeafb0942025-08-20T02:48:24ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-03-0112310.1098/rsos.201497The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntaxMalathi Thothathiri0Evan Kidd1Caroline Rowland2Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USAMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The NetherlandsMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The NetherlandsLanguage acquisition is multifaceted, relying on cognitive and social abilities in addition to language-specific skills. We hypothesized that executive function (EF) may assist language development by enabling children to revise misinterpretations during online processing, encode language input more accurately and/or learn non-canonical sentence structures like the passive better over time. One hundred and twenty Dutch preschoolers each completed three sessions of testing (pre-test, exposure and post-test). During pre-test and post-test, we measured their comprehension of passive sentences and performance in three EF tasks. In the exposure session, we tracked children’s eye movements as they listened to passive (and other) sentences. Each child was also assessed for short-term memory and receptive language. Multiple regression evaluated the relationship between EF and online processing and longer-term learning. EF predicted online revision accuracy, while controlling for receptive language, prior passive knowledge and short-term memory, consistent with theories linking EF to the revision of misinterpretations. EF was also associated with longer-term learning, but the results could not disentangle EF from receptive language. These findings broadly support a role for EF in language acquisition, including a specific role in revision during sentence processing and potentially other roles that depend on reciprocal interaction between EF and receptive language.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.201497executive functionsyntaxeye-trackingchildrensentence processinglanguage acquisition
spellingShingle Malathi Thothathiri
Evan Kidd
Caroline Rowland
The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax
Royal Society Open Science
executive function
syntax
eye-tracking
children
sentence processing
language acquisition
title The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax
title_full The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax
title_fullStr The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax
title_full_unstemmed The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax
title_short The role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax
title_sort role of executive function in the processing and acquisition of syntax
topic executive function
syntax
eye-tracking
children
sentence processing
language acquisition
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.201497
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