Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability

Electrified transportation requires batteries with high energy density and high-rate capability for both charging and discharging. Li-ion batteries (LiBs) face a dilemma: increasing areal capacity and reducing electrode porosity to boost energy density often reduces rate capability due to a longer a...

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Main Authors: Xiao-Ying Ma, Wen-Ke Zhang, Ying Yin, Kailong Liu, Xiao-Guang Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Energy and AI
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654682400082X
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author Xiao-Ying Ma
Wen-Ke Zhang
Ying Yin
Kailong Liu
Xiao-Guang Yang
author_facet Xiao-Ying Ma
Wen-Ke Zhang
Ying Yin
Kailong Liu
Xiao-Guang Yang
author_sort Xiao-Ying Ma
collection DOAJ
description Electrified transportation requires batteries with high energy density and high-rate capability for both charging and discharging. Li-ion batteries (LiBs) face a dilemma: increasing areal capacity and reducing electrode porosity to boost energy density often reduces rate capability due to a longer and more tortuous ion transfer path. Tailoring cell design parameters to balance these metrics is essential but challenging. Here, we present a multi-objective optimization framework targeting energy density, fast charging, high-rate discharging, and lifespan simultaneously. Four cell parameters—cathode areal capacity, N-P ratio, cathode porosity, and anode porosity—along with operating temperature, are selected as design variables. A physics-based pseudo-2D model, validated against experimental data, generates data to train the surrogate model, which is combined with the NSGA-II algorithm for rapid optimization. Three different objective calculation methods are compared to identify the maximum sum of energy densities, lowest polarization, and most balanced performance, respectively. Cell design parameters are optimized at different temperatures using the most balanced optimization method. Results demonstrate that elevating cell operating temperature achieves high-rate capability while maintaining high energy density, mitigating the energy-power trade-off and broadening battery design parameter ranges.
format Article
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issn 2666-5468
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Energy and AI
spelling doaj-art-77e1db0fa41841e0bcf1dbf7858d9d012025-08-20T02:49:44ZengElsevierEnergy and AI2666-54682024-12-011810041610.1016/j.egyai.2024.100416Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capabilityXiao-Ying Ma0Wen-Ke Zhang1Ying Yin2Kailong Liu3Xiao-Guang Yang4National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing,100081, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing,100081, ChinaShenzhen Automotive Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, ChinaSchool of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing,100081, China; Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China; Corresponding author.Electrified transportation requires batteries with high energy density and high-rate capability for both charging and discharging. Li-ion batteries (LiBs) face a dilemma: increasing areal capacity and reducing electrode porosity to boost energy density often reduces rate capability due to a longer and more tortuous ion transfer path. Tailoring cell design parameters to balance these metrics is essential but challenging. Here, we present a multi-objective optimization framework targeting energy density, fast charging, high-rate discharging, and lifespan simultaneously. Four cell parameters—cathode areal capacity, N-P ratio, cathode porosity, and anode porosity—along with operating temperature, are selected as design variables. A physics-based pseudo-2D model, validated against experimental data, generates data to train the surrogate model, which is combined with the NSGA-II algorithm for rapid optimization. Three different objective calculation methods are compared to identify the maximum sum of energy densities, lowest polarization, and most balanced performance, respectively. Cell design parameters are optimized at different temperatures using the most balanced optimization method. Results demonstrate that elevating cell operating temperature achieves high-rate capability while maintaining high energy density, mitigating the energy-power trade-off and broadening battery design parameter ranges.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654682400082XLithium-ion batteriesMulti-objective optimizationBattery designFast chargingLithium plating
spellingShingle Xiao-Ying Ma
Wen-Ke Zhang
Ying Yin
Kailong Liu
Xiao-Guang Yang
Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability
Energy and AI
Lithium-ion batteries
Multi-objective optimization
Battery design
Fast charging
Lithium plating
title Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability
title_full Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability
title_fullStr Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability
title_full_unstemmed Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability
title_short Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability
title_sort multi objective optimization of lithium ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability
topic Lithium-ion batteries
Multi-objective optimization
Battery design
Fast charging
Lithium plating
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654682400082X
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