Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota
ABSTRACT Music intervention is gaining recognition as a cost-effective therapeutic for improving human health. Despite its growing application, the mechanisms through which music exerts beneficial health effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that music can exert beneficial effects in mice...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02377-24 |
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| author | Clara Y. Zhu Hyuntae Byun Elyza A. Do Yue Zhang Ethan Tanchoco Joris Beld Ansel Hsiao Jun Zhu |
| author_facet | Clara Y. Zhu Hyuntae Byun Elyza A. Do Yue Zhang Ethan Tanchoco Joris Beld Ansel Hsiao Jun Zhu |
| author_sort | Clara Y. Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Music intervention is gaining recognition as a cost-effective therapeutic for improving human health. Despite its growing application, the mechanisms through which music exerts beneficial health effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that music can exert beneficial effects in mice through modulating gut microbiome composition. Adult mice were exposed to ambient noise, Mozart’s Flute Quartet in D Major, K. 285, or white noise over a three-week period. Afterward, we observed treatment-specific changes in the community of gut commensal bacteria in these animals. Upon subsequent challenge with the bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium, control groups exhibited significant weight loss and increased Salmonella colonization, whereas the Mozart-treated group did not. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing revealed that the Mozart group showed a significant increase in Lactobacillus salivarius, a probiotic known for its antibacterial properties. Further experiments confirmed that L. salivarius mitigated Salmonella infection in mice and that L. salivarius acidified local environments in in vitro culture, thus inhibiting Salmonella growth. Additionally, mice exposed to Mozart consumed more food but showed similar body weight compared to the control groups. Behavioral assessments, including open field and object location tests, revealed that Mozart-treated mice were more active, less anxious, and exhibited enhanced spatial memory. Finally, Mozart exposure was shown to significantly boost colonization of administered L. salivarius and alter gut metabolite profiles. These findings suggest that music exposure fosters healthier gut microbiota, enhancing resistance to bacterial infections and highlighting the potential of music therapy as a novel strategy to combat drug-resistant pathogen infections.IMPORTANCEMusic therapy is increasingly recognized as a low-cost approach to improving health, but how it works remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that music can positively influence health by altering the gut microbiome. In a mouse model, exposure to Mozart’s Flute Quartet in D Major enhanced the gut microbiota, specifically increasing levels of the beneficial bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius. This probiotic protected mice from Salmonella infection by creating an acidic environment that inhibited pathogen growth. Mozart-treated mice also showed reduced anxiety, better spatial memory, and higher food intake without weight gain, suggesting the benefits of music exposure. These findings reveal a novel link between music, gut health, and disease resistance, suggesting that music therapy could be a promising strategy for enhancing gut microbiota and combating infections, including those caused by drug-resistant bacteria. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77dba121b7ba4967a3068f29c2a6359b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj-art-77dba121b7ba4967a3068f29c2a6359b2025-08-20T03:52:32ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972025-05-0113510.1128/spectrum.02377-24Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiotaClara Y. Zhu0Hyuntae Byun1Elyza A. Do2Yue Zhang3Ethan Tanchoco4Joris Beld5Ansel Hsiao6Jun Zhu7Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USADepartment of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USADepartment of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USADepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USADepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAABSTRACT Music intervention is gaining recognition as a cost-effective therapeutic for improving human health. Despite its growing application, the mechanisms through which music exerts beneficial health effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that music can exert beneficial effects in mice through modulating gut microbiome composition. Adult mice were exposed to ambient noise, Mozart’s Flute Quartet in D Major, K. 285, or white noise over a three-week period. Afterward, we observed treatment-specific changes in the community of gut commensal bacteria in these animals. Upon subsequent challenge with the bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium, control groups exhibited significant weight loss and increased Salmonella colonization, whereas the Mozart-treated group did not. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing revealed that the Mozart group showed a significant increase in Lactobacillus salivarius, a probiotic known for its antibacterial properties. Further experiments confirmed that L. salivarius mitigated Salmonella infection in mice and that L. salivarius acidified local environments in in vitro culture, thus inhibiting Salmonella growth. Additionally, mice exposed to Mozart consumed more food but showed similar body weight compared to the control groups. Behavioral assessments, including open field and object location tests, revealed that Mozart-treated mice were more active, less anxious, and exhibited enhanced spatial memory. Finally, Mozart exposure was shown to significantly boost colonization of administered L. salivarius and alter gut metabolite profiles. These findings suggest that music exposure fosters healthier gut microbiota, enhancing resistance to bacterial infections and highlighting the potential of music therapy as a novel strategy to combat drug-resistant pathogen infections.IMPORTANCEMusic therapy is increasingly recognized as a low-cost approach to improving health, but how it works remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that music can positively influence health by altering the gut microbiome. In a mouse model, exposure to Mozart’s Flute Quartet in D Major enhanced the gut microbiota, specifically increasing levels of the beneficial bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius. This probiotic protected mice from Salmonella infection by creating an acidic environment that inhibited pathogen growth. Mozart-treated mice also showed reduced anxiety, better spatial memory, and higher food intake without weight gain, suggesting the benefits of music exposure. These findings reveal a novel link between music, gut health, and disease resistance, suggesting that music therapy could be a promising strategy for enhancing gut microbiota and combating infections, including those caused by drug-resistant bacteria.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02377-24microbiotamusic therapySalmonellaLactobacillusmetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Clara Y. Zhu Hyuntae Byun Elyza A. Do Yue Zhang Ethan Tanchoco Joris Beld Ansel Hsiao Jun Zhu Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota Microbiology Spectrum microbiota music therapy Salmonella Lactobacillus metabolomics |
| title | Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota |
| title_full | Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota |
| title_fullStr | Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota |
| title_short | Music exposure enhances resistance to Salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota |
| title_sort | music exposure enhances resistance to salmonella infection by promoting healthy gut microbiota |
| topic | microbiota music therapy Salmonella Lactobacillus metabolomics |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02377-24 |
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