FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities Markets

This study investigates how the rise of commission-free FinTech platforms and the introduction of fractional trading (FT) have altered trading behavior and order book dynamics in the NASDAQ equity market. Leveraging high-frequency ITCH data from highly capitalized stocks—AAPL, AMZN, GOOG, and TSLA—w...

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Main Authors: Janhavi Shankar Tripathi, Erick W. Rengifo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:FinTech
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1032/4/2/16
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author Janhavi Shankar Tripathi
Erick W. Rengifo
author_facet Janhavi Shankar Tripathi
Erick W. Rengifo
author_sort Janhavi Shankar Tripathi
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates how the rise of commission-free FinTech platforms and the introduction of fractional trading (FT) have altered trading behavior and order book dynamics in the NASDAQ equity market. Leveraging high-frequency ITCH data from highly capitalized stocks—AAPL, AMZN, GOOG, and TSLA—we analyze market microstructure changes surrounding the implementation of FT. Our empirical findings show a statistically significant increase in price levels, average tick sizes, and price volatility in the post-FinTech-FT period, alongside elevated price impact factors (PIFs), indicating steeper and less liquid limit order books. These shifts reflect greater participation by non-professional investors with limited order placement precision, contributing to noisier price discovery and heightened intraday risk. The altered liquidity landscape and increased volatility raise important questions about the resilience and informational efficiency of modern equity markets under democratized access. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on retail trading and provide actionable insights for market regulators and exchanges evaluating the design and oversight of evolving trading mechanisms.
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institution Kabale University
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series FinTech
spelling doaj-art-77d64176f7754f4f882b2c17946fbc792025-08-20T03:27:18ZengMDPI AGFinTech2674-10322025-04-01421610.3390/fintech4020016FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities MarketsJanhavi Shankar Tripathi0Erick W. Rengifo1School of Business, St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, NY 14778, USADepartment of Economics, and the Center for International Policy Studies, Fordham University, New York, NY 10458, USAThis study investigates how the rise of commission-free FinTech platforms and the introduction of fractional trading (FT) have altered trading behavior and order book dynamics in the NASDAQ equity market. Leveraging high-frequency ITCH data from highly capitalized stocks—AAPL, AMZN, GOOG, and TSLA—we analyze market microstructure changes surrounding the implementation of FT. Our empirical findings show a statistically significant increase in price levels, average tick sizes, and price volatility in the post-FinTech-FT period, alongside elevated price impact factors (PIFs), indicating steeper and less liquid limit order books. These shifts reflect greater participation by non-professional investors with limited order placement precision, contributing to noisier price discovery and heightened intraday risk. The altered liquidity landscape and increased volatility raise important questions about the resilience and informational efficiency of modern equity markets under democratized access. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on retail trading and provide actionable insights for market regulators and exchanges evaluating the design and oversight of evolving trading mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1032/4/2/16fintechfractional tradingorder book dynamicsinvestor behaviorrisk aversion
spellingShingle Janhavi Shankar Tripathi
Erick W. Rengifo
FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities Markets
FinTech
fintech
fractional trading
order book dynamics
investor behavior
risk aversion
title FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities Markets
title_full FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities Markets
title_fullStr FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities Markets
title_full_unstemmed FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities Markets
title_short FinTech, Fractional Trading, and Order Book Dynamics: A Study of US Equities Markets
title_sort fintech fractional trading and order book dynamics a study of us equities markets
topic fintech
fractional trading
order book dynamics
investor behavior
risk aversion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1032/4/2/16
work_keys_str_mv AT janhavishankartripathi fintechfractionaltradingandorderbookdynamicsastudyofusequitiesmarkets
AT erickwrengifo fintechfractionaltradingandorderbookdynamicsastudyofusequitiesmarkets