The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases
BackgroundThe inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) are widely administered. However, there was limited clinical evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of administration of the two vaccines in individuals with chronic dise...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624095/full |
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| author | Wanqin Tang Xi Lu Zhongkui Zhu Dan Yu Huaxian Liu Yufei Song Lu Shen Yang Yu Yanwei Zhao Yan Xie |
| author_facet | Wanqin Tang Xi Lu Zhongkui Zhu Dan Yu Huaxian Liu Yufei Song Lu Shen Yang Yu Yanwei Zhao Yan Xie |
| author_sort | Wanqin Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) are widely administered. However, there was limited clinical evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of administration of the two vaccines in individuals with chronic diseases, especially concerning simultaneous administration.MethodsA total of 480 participants aged ≥60 years were randomly assigned to receive simultaneous or separate administration of IIV4 and PPSV23 and categorized into the Chronic Disease group or Healthy group based on their baseline health status. Blood samples were drawn before and 28 days after each vaccination to test the antibodies against all four influenza virus strains and 23 pneumococcus serotypes.ResultsThe geometric mean titer ratios (Chronic Disease group/Healthy group) of influenza antibodies ranged from 1.04 to 1.37 in the whole population and from 1.02 to 1.39 in the simultaneous administration population. The geometric mean concentration ratios of pneumococcal antibodies ranged from 0.87 to 1.12 in the whole population and from 0.97 to 1.33 in the simultaneous administration population. All ratios met the criteria for non-inferiority. The rate of adverse events was 0.96% in the Chronic Disease group and 1.47% in the Healthy group, with most events being mild (grade 1). No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionThe immunogenicity and safety profiles of IIV4 and PPSV23, particularly when administered simultaneously, in individuals with chronic diseases were comparable to those in healthy individuals, supporting the vaccination strategy of IIV4 and PPSV23 in chronic disease population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77c854068e8e43b797bc3089bd8f1541 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-77c854068e8e43b797bc3089bd8f15412025-08-20T07:55:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16240951624095The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseasesWanqin Tang0Xi Lu1Zhongkui Zhu2Dan Yu3Huaxian Liu4Yufei Song5Lu Shen6Yang Yu7Yanwei Zhao8Yan Xie9Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ChinaClinical Research and Development Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ChinaClinical Research and Development Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ChinaClinical Research and Development Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ChinaBackgroundThe inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) are widely administered. However, there was limited clinical evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of administration of the two vaccines in individuals with chronic diseases, especially concerning simultaneous administration.MethodsA total of 480 participants aged ≥60 years were randomly assigned to receive simultaneous or separate administration of IIV4 and PPSV23 and categorized into the Chronic Disease group or Healthy group based on their baseline health status. Blood samples were drawn before and 28 days after each vaccination to test the antibodies against all four influenza virus strains and 23 pneumococcus serotypes.ResultsThe geometric mean titer ratios (Chronic Disease group/Healthy group) of influenza antibodies ranged from 1.04 to 1.37 in the whole population and from 1.02 to 1.39 in the simultaneous administration population. The geometric mean concentration ratios of pneumococcal antibodies ranged from 0.87 to 1.12 in the whole population and from 0.97 to 1.33 in the simultaneous administration population. All ratios met the criteria for non-inferiority. The rate of adverse events was 0.96% in the Chronic Disease group and 1.47% in the Healthy group, with most events being mild (grade 1). No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionThe immunogenicity and safety profiles of IIV4 and PPSV23, particularly when administered simultaneously, in individuals with chronic diseases were comparable to those in healthy individuals, supporting the vaccination strategy of IIV4 and PPSV23 in chronic disease population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624095/fullchronic diseaseinactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinesimultaneous administrationimmunogenicitysafety |
| spellingShingle | Wanqin Tang Xi Lu Zhongkui Zhu Dan Yu Huaxian Liu Yufei Song Lu Shen Yang Yu Yanwei Zhao Yan Xie The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases Frontiers in Immunology chronic disease inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine simultaneous administration immunogenicity safety |
| title | The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases |
| title_full | The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases |
| title_fullStr | The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases |
| title_short | The immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases |
| title_sort | immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and a 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals with chronic diseases |
| topic | chronic disease inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine simultaneous administration immunogenicity safety |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624095/full |
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