Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells
IntroductionPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death in piglets, resulting in serious economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. PDCoV has received much attention owing to its broad host range, includin...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1534907/full |
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| author | Xiaozhu Yang Hanwei Yin Mengyuan Liu Xuemei Wang Tao Song Aiai Song Yibo Xi Ting Zhang Zilong Sun Wei Li Sheng Niu Farwa Zainab Chenyang Wang Ding Zhang Haidong Wang Bo Yang |
| author_facet | Xiaozhu Yang Hanwei Yin Mengyuan Liu Xuemei Wang Tao Song Aiai Song Yibo Xi Ting Zhang Zilong Sun Wei Li Sheng Niu Farwa Zainab Chenyang Wang Ding Zhang Haidong Wang Bo Yang |
| author_sort | Xiaozhu Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death in piglets, resulting in serious economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. PDCoV has received much attention owing to its broad host range, including humans, posing a potential threat to public health. However, the prevalence, characteristics, and host cellular gene expression of PDCoV remain poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, a new PDCoV strain (CHN/SX-Y/2023, GenBank number PQ373831) was successfully isolated, identified, and subjected to phylogenetic tree and transcriptome analysis in human hepatoma (Huh7) cells following PDCoV infection.ResultsThe results showed that the CHN/SX-Y/2023 strain belongs to the Chinese lineage and causes cytopathic effects in canonical cell lines (LLC-PK1 and ST cells) and other cell lines (Huh7 and LMH cells). However, HEK-293T, EEC, MDBK, and Vero-CCL81 cells were not found to be susceptible in this study. Based on transcriptome analysis, 1,799 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and 771 were downregulated during PDCoV infection.DiscussionAmong the upregulated genes, FCGR1A, VSIG1, TNFRSF9, and PLCXD3 are associated with immunity, inflammation, and lipid catabolism. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the MAPK, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways and viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors. Protein–protein interaction networks showed that the upregulated genes CXCL8, DUSP1, PTGS2, and IL15 were associated with inflammation and immunity. In addition, the protein levels of p-IRF3, LC3-II, and ACSL4 increased, suggesting that PDCoV infection in Huh7 cells induces an intrinsic immune response, cellular autophagy, and ferroptosis. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of PDCoV infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77c7b6ba00a14693b88ef9660cec27ab |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-77c7b6ba00a14693b88ef9660cec27ab2025-08-20T03:40:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-03-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15349071534907Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cellsXiaozhu Yang0Hanwei Yin1Mengyuan Liu2Xuemei Wang3Tao Song4Aiai Song5Yibo Xi6Ting Zhang7Zilong Sun8Wei Li9Sheng Niu10Farwa Zainab11Chenyang Wang12Ding Zhang13Haidong Wang14Bo Yang15College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, ChinaXianyang Regional Wen's Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Xianyang, ChinaSchool of Management Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, ChinaIntroductionPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death in piglets, resulting in serious economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. PDCoV has received much attention owing to its broad host range, including humans, posing a potential threat to public health. However, the prevalence, characteristics, and host cellular gene expression of PDCoV remain poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, a new PDCoV strain (CHN/SX-Y/2023, GenBank number PQ373831) was successfully isolated, identified, and subjected to phylogenetic tree and transcriptome analysis in human hepatoma (Huh7) cells following PDCoV infection.ResultsThe results showed that the CHN/SX-Y/2023 strain belongs to the Chinese lineage and causes cytopathic effects in canonical cell lines (LLC-PK1 and ST cells) and other cell lines (Huh7 and LMH cells). However, HEK-293T, EEC, MDBK, and Vero-CCL81 cells were not found to be susceptible in this study. Based on transcriptome analysis, 1,799 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and 771 were downregulated during PDCoV infection.DiscussionAmong the upregulated genes, FCGR1A, VSIG1, TNFRSF9, and PLCXD3 are associated with immunity, inflammation, and lipid catabolism. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the MAPK, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways and viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors. Protein–protein interaction networks showed that the upregulated genes CXCL8, DUSP1, PTGS2, and IL15 were associated with inflammation and immunity. In addition, the protein levels of p-IRF3, LC3-II, and ACSL4 increased, suggesting that PDCoV infection in Huh7 cells induces an intrinsic immune response, cellular autophagy, and ferroptosis. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of PDCoV infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1534907/fullPDCoVHuh7 cellsphylogenetic treetranscriptome analysisimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Xiaozhu Yang Hanwei Yin Mengyuan Liu Xuemei Wang Tao Song Aiai Song Yibo Xi Ting Zhang Zilong Sun Wei Li Sheng Niu Farwa Zainab Chenyang Wang Ding Zhang Haidong Wang Bo Yang Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells Frontiers in Microbiology PDCoV Huh7 cells phylogenetic tree transcriptome analysis immune response |
| title | Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells |
| title_full | Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells |
| title_fullStr | Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells |
| title_short | Isolation, phylogenetics, and characterization of a new PDCoV strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells |
| title_sort | isolation phylogenetics and characterization of a new pdcov strain that affects cellular gene expression in human cells |
| topic | PDCoV Huh7 cells phylogenetic tree transcriptome analysis immune response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1534907/full |
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