The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic review

Abstract Background Despite extensive literature on lumbar disc herniation and cauda equina syndrome, sexual dysfunction in these patients has been overlooked. We conducted a systematic review to gather scientific evidence on this issue following surgical treatment in this population. Methods On Jan...

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Main Authors: Zahra Moradi, Shadab Shahali, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Ali Montazeri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08736-3
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author Zahra Moradi
Shadab Shahali
Fazlollah Ahmadi
Ali Montazeri
author_facet Zahra Moradi
Shadab Shahali
Fazlollah Ahmadi
Ali Montazeri
author_sort Zahra Moradi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Despite extensive literature on lumbar disc herniation and cauda equina syndrome, sexual dysfunction in these patients has been overlooked. We conducted a systematic review to gather scientific evidence on this issue following surgical treatment in this population. Methods On January 30, 2025, several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched on the topic for English-language biomedical literature from 2014 to 2024. Two researchers assessed the quality of the articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018. The findings were narratively synthesized to effectively describe, compare, and combine the study results. Results A total of 5,893 studies were identified, but after removing duplicates and irrelevant documents, only 20 studies were eligible for analysis. Of these, 90% were rated as high quality, indicating a strong level of certainty in the evidence. The analysis revealed that the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in this population ranged from 26.6% to 100%. The most common sexual disorder among women was sexual desire and arousal disorder (35% to 60%), while erectile dysfunction was the most prevalent among men (14% to 100%). Overall, dissatisfaction with sexual activities was reported by 37% to 69% of women and 69% of men. Improvements in sexual function following surgery for lumbar disc herniation were noted in 83.33% of studies (5 out of 6), compared to only 7.14% in patients with cauda equina syndrome (1 out of 14 studies). Conclusion Studies indicated a considerable enhancement in sexual function post-surgery for lumbar disc herniation patients (68% to 99%). However, long-term follow-up of cauda equina syndrome patients revealed that many continued to experience sexual issues (14% to 100%).
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spelling doaj-art-77c4d3e459bb4bc6b1bcfbec5723285f2025-08-20T03:48:03ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-05-0126111810.1186/s12891-025-08736-3The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic reviewZahra Moradi0Shadab Shahali1Fazlollah Ahmadi2Ali Montazeri3Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UnivesityDepartment of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UnivesityDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityHealth Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECRAbstract Background Despite extensive literature on lumbar disc herniation and cauda equina syndrome, sexual dysfunction in these patients has been overlooked. We conducted a systematic review to gather scientific evidence on this issue following surgical treatment in this population. Methods On January 30, 2025, several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched on the topic for English-language biomedical literature from 2014 to 2024. Two researchers assessed the quality of the articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018. The findings were narratively synthesized to effectively describe, compare, and combine the study results. Results A total of 5,893 studies were identified, but after removing duplicates and irrelevant documents, only 20 studies were eligible for analysis. Of these, 90% were rated as high quality, indicating a strong level of certainty in the evidence. The analysis revealed that the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in this population ranged from 26.6% to 100%. The most common sexual disorder among women was sexual desire and arousal disorder (35% to 60%), while erectile dysfunction was the most prevalent among men (14% to 100%). Overall, dissatisfaction with sexual activities was reported by 37% to 69% of women and 69% of men. Improvements in sexual function following surgery for lumbar disc herniation were noted in 83.33% of studies (5 out of 6), compared to only 7.14% in patients with cauda equina syndrome (1 out of 14 studies). Conclusion Studies indicated a considerable enhancement in sexual function post-surgery for lumbar disc herniation patients (68% to 99%). However, long-term follow-up of cauda equina syndrome patients revealed that many continued to experience sexual issues (14% to 100%).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08736-3Intervertebral Disc HerniationLumbar vertebraeCauda Equina SyndromeSexual activityDiscectomySystematic Review
spellingShingle Zahra Moradi
Shadab Shahali
Fazlollah Ahmadi
Ali Montazeri
The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic review
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Lumbar vertebrae
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Sexual activity
Discectomy
Systematic Review
title The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic review
title_full The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic review
title_fullStr The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic review
title_short The implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome: a systematic review
title_sort implications of surgery on sexual dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc herniation with cauda equina syndrome a systematic review
topic Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Lumbar vertebrae
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Sexual activity
Discectomy
Systematic Review
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08736-3
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