Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review
Fossil fuels have been heavily used to meet the rising global energy demand brought on by population growth, which has resulted in negative environmental effects such pollution, deteriorating air quality, and climate change. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems make up a large a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Energy and Built Environment |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666123324000345 |
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| author | Hanan Dokmak Khaireldin Faraj Jalal Faraj Cathy Castelain Mahmoud Khaled |
| author_facet | Hanan Dokmak Khaireldin Faraj Jalal Faraj Cathy Castelain Mahmoud Khaled |
| author_sort | Hanan Dokmak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fossil fuels have been heavily used to meet the rising global energy demand brought on by population growth, which has resulted in negative environmental effects such pollution, deteriorating air quality, and climate change. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems make up a large amount of this demand. In response, renewable energy sources (RES) have drawn significant attention as a solution to problems brought on by the use of fossil fuels. Notably, geothermal energy stands out as a strong option, providing both heating and cooling needs with special benefits including consistent availability and cost-effective operation. This paper offers a comprehensive short recent review of the geothermal energy landscape, delving into geothermal systems classification, coupling to HVAC and heat recovery systems, geothermal energy piles, and various hybrid systems. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnology to closed geothermal heat pumps, the use of Phase Change Materials (PCM) to stabilise geothermal-powered HVAC systems, and the investigation of energy heaps as a potential alternative energy source are notable studies in this field. This study is unique because it takes a methodical approach to classifying and evaluating various geothermal concepts. It also considers how these concepts are coupled with other systems and hybridized, all of which have a substantial impact on the advancement of geothermal energy approaches. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77c2a185c0e54a3fa572815e0a69cceb |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2666-1233 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energy and Built Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-77c2a185c0e54a3fa572815e0a69cceb2025-08-20T02:26:52ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Energy and Built Environment2666-12332025-08-016473074910.1016/j.enbenv.2024.02.009Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive reviewHanan Dokmak0Khaireldin Faraj1Jalal Faraj2Cathy Castelain3Mahmoud Khaled4CNRS, UMR6607, Laboratoire de thermique et ´Energie de Nantes, LTeN, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, France; Energy and Thermo-Fluid Group, Lebanese International University LIU, Bekaa, LebanonEnergy and Thermo-Fluid Group, Lebanese International University LIU, Bekaa, LebanonEnergy and Thermo-Fluid Group, Lebanese International University LIU, Bekaa, Lebanon; Energy and Thermo-Fluid Group, The International University of Beirut BIU, Beirut PO Box 146404, LebanonCNRS, UMR6607, Laboratoire de thermique et ´Energie de Nantes, LTeN, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, FranceEnergy and Thermo-Fluid Group, Lebanese International University LIU, Bekaa, Lebanon; Center for Sustainable Energy & Economic Development (SEED), Gulf University for Science & Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait; Corresponding author.Fossil fuels have been heavily used to meet the rising global energy demand brought on by population growth, which has resulted in negative environmental effects such pollution, deteriorating air quality, and climate change. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems make up a large amount of this demand. In response, renewable energy sources (RES) have drawn significant attention as a solution to problems brought on by the use of fossil fuels. Notably, geothermal energy stands out as a strong option, providing both heating and cooling needs with special benefits including consistent availability and cost-effective operation. This paper offers a comprehensive short recent review of the geothermal energy landscape, delving into geothermal systems classification, coupling to HVAC and heat recovery systems, geothermal energy piles, and various hybrid systems. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnology to closed geothermal heat pumps, the use of Phase Change Materials (PCM) to stabilise geothermal-powered HVAC systems, and the investigation of energy heaps as a potential alternative energy source are notable studies in this field. This study is unique because it takes a methodical approach to classifying and evaluating various geothermal concepts. It also considers how these concepts are coupled with other systems and hybridized, all of which have a substantial impact on the advancement of geothermal energy approaches.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666123324000345GeothermalAir-conditioningHeatingCoolingRenewable energy |
| spellingShingle | Hanan Dokmak Khaireldin Faraj Jalal Faraj Cathy Castelain Mahmoud Khaled Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review Energy and Built Environment Geothermal Air-conditioning Heating Cooling Renewable energy |
| title | Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review |
| title_full | Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review |
| title_short | Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review |
| title_sort | geothermal systems classification coupling and hybridization a recent comprehensive review |
| topic | Geothermal Air-conditioning Heating Cooling Renewable energy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666123324000345 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hanandokmak geothermalsystemsclassificationcouplingandhybridizationarecentcomprehensivereview AT khaireldinfaraj geothermalsystemsclassificationcouplingandhybridizationarecentcomprehensivereview AT jalalfaraj geothermalsystemsclassificationcouplingandhybridizationarecentcomprehensivereview AT cathycastelain geothermalsystemsclassificationcouplingandhybridizationarecentcomprehensivereview AT mahmoudkhaled geothermalsystemsclassificationcouplingandhybridizationarecentcomprehensivereview |