Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis?
Obesity results from a disproportionate accumulation of fat and has become a global health concern. The increase in adipose tissue is responsible for several systemic and testicular changes including hormone levels (leptin, adiponectin, testosterone, estrogen), inflammatory cytokines (increase in TN...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/150 |
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| author | Ruben J. Moreira Pedro F. Oliveira Maria Angélica Spadella Rita Ferreira Marco G. Alves |
| author_facet | Ruben J. Moreira Pedro F. Oliveira Maria Angélica Spadella Rita Ferreira Marco G. Alves |
| author_sort | Ruben J. Moreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity results from a disproportionate accumulation of fat and has become a global health concern. The increase in adipose tissue is responsible for several systemic and testicular changes including hormone levels (leptin, adiponectin, testosterone, estrogen), inflammatory cytokines (increase in TNF-α and IL-6 and decrease in IL-10), and redox state (increase in reactive oxygen species and reduction in antioxidant enzymes). This results in poor sperm quality and compromised fertility in men with obesity. Lifestyle modifications, particularly diet transition to caloric restriction and physical exercise, are reported to reverse these negative effects. Nevertheless, precise mechanisms mediating these benefits, including how they modulate testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism, remain to be fully elucidated. The main pathway described by which these lifestyle interventions reverse obesity-induced oxidative damage is the Nrf2-SIRT1 axis, which modulates the overexpression of antioxidant defenses. Of note, some of the detrimental effects of obesity on the testis are inherited by the descendants of individuals with obesity, and while caloric restriction reverses some of these effects, no significant work has been carried out regarding physical exercise. This review discusses the consequences of obesity-induced testicular oxidative stress on adult and pediatric populations, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of lifestyle to mitigate these detrimental effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77be6b3da651484c82dae226230f8c8e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-77be6b3da651484c82dae226230f8c8e2025-08-20T03:11:06ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-0114215010.3390/antiox14020150Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis?Ruben J. Moreira0Pedro F. Oliveira1Maria Angélica Spadella2Rita Ferreira3Marco G. Alves4Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalHuman Embryology Laboratory, Marília Medical School, Marília 17519-030, SP, BrazilLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalInstitute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalObesity results from a disproportionate accumulation of fat and has become a global health concern. The increase in adipose tissue is responsible for several systemic and testicular changes including hormone levels (leptin, adiponectin, testosterone, estrogen), inflammatory cytokines (increase in TNF-α and IL-6 and decrease in IL-10), and redox state (increase in reactive oxygen species and reduction in antioxidant enzymes). This results in poor sperm quality and compromised fertility in men with obesity. Lifestyle modifications, particularly diet transition to caloric restriction and physical exercise, are reported to reverse these negative effects. Nevertheless, precise mechanisms mediating these benefits, including how they modulate testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism, remain to be fully elucidated. The main pathway described by which these lifestyle interventions reverse obesity-induced oxidative damage is the Nrf2-SIRT1 axis, which modulates the overexpression of antioxidant defenses. Of note, some of the detrimental effects of obesity on the testis are inherited by the descendants of individuals with obesity, and while caloric restriction reverses some of these effects, no significant work has been carried out regarding physical exercise. This review discusses the consequences of obesity-induced testicular oxidative stress on adult and pediatric populations, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of lifestyle to mitigate these detrimental effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/150obesityphysical exercisecaloric restrictionsperm parameterstestosteroneoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Ruben J. Moreira Pedro F. Oliveira Maria Angélica Spadella Rita Ferreira Marco G. Alves Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis? Antioxidants obesity physical exercise caloric restriction sperm parameters testosterone oxidative stress |
| title | Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis? |
| title_full | Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis? |
| title_fullStr | Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis? |
| title_short | Do Lifestyle Interventions Mitigate the Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Induced by Obesity in the Testis? |
| title_sort | do lifestyle interventions mitigate the oxidative damage and inflammation induced by obesity in the testis |
| topic | obesity physical exercise caloric restriction sperm parameters testosterone oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/150 |
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