Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis

Background Occupational biomass pollutant exposure as observed in charcoal workers may have significant cardiovascular effects. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and high pulse pressure (HPP), a marker of arterial stiffness, in charcoal workers compared wit...

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Main Authors: Pierre Lofuta Olenga Vuvu, Malgorzata Klass, Nathalie Pauwen, Augustin Kipula, Silvia Perez Bogerd, Alain Van Muylem, Philippe Van de Borne, Gael Deboeck
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038747
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author Pierre Lofuta Olenga Vuvu
Malgorzata Klass
Nathalie Pauwen
Augustin Kipula
Silvia Perez Bogerd
Alain Van Muylem
Philippe Van de Borne
Gael Deboeck
author_facet Pierre Lofuta Olenga Vuvu
Malgorzata Klass
Nathalie Pauwen
Augustin Kipula
Silvia Perez Bogerd
Alain Van Muylem
Philippe Van de Borne
Gael Deboeck
author_sort Pierre Lofuta Olenga Vuvu
collection DOAJ
description Background Occupational biomass pollutant exposure as observed in charcoal workers may have significant cardiovascular effects. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and high pulse pressure (HPP), a marker of arterial stiffness, in charcoal workers compared with a control group of agricultural workers from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods and Results The charcoal worker and agricultural worker groups (n=485; median age, 35–40 years) were composed of male charcoal producers (n=229), charcoal saleswomen (n=72), male farmers (n=118), and vegetable saleswomen (n=66). We assessed workplace air pollution, sociodemographic parameters, self‐reported physical activity, body composition, exhaled air carbon monoxide, and blood pressure. Hypertension and HPP prevalences were determined. Logistic regression, adjusted for confounding variables was used to identify the risk factors. Charcoal workplaces were more polluted than agricultural workplaces (P<0.01). Charcoal producers performed higher levels of physical activity (P=0.018) and demonstrated higher levels of exhaled air carbon monoxide (P<0.0001) and pulse pressure (P=0.006), and higher prevalence of grade 1 hypertension (P=0.007), isolated systolic hypertension (P=0.04), and HPP (P=0.02) than farmers. Overall, hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 11.76 [95% CI, 6.26–22.13]), level of particulate matter <10 μm pollutants (aOR, 1.001 [95% CI, 1.0002–1.0017]), smoking (aOR, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.15–4.24]) and low education (aOR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.10–4.17]) were independently associated with HPP. The level of particulate matter <1.0 μm pollutants (aOR, 1.0009 [95% CI, 1.0002–1.0015]), male sex (aOR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.21–3.64]), and job seniority (aOR, 1.022 [95% CI, 1.004–1.044]) were independently associated with isolated systolic hypertension. Conclusions Charcoal producers appear to develop isolated systolic hypertension and HPP more, both indices of cardiovascular events in which occupational biomass particles seem to play an early significant role.
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spelling doaj-art-77bbc46792b541e5a0af36f2796c23b92025-08-20T02:32:48ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-05-01141010.1161/JAHA.124.038747Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional AnalysisPierre Lofuta Olenga Vuvu0Malgorzata Klass1Nathalie Pauwen2Augustin Kipula3Silvia Perez Bogerd4Alain Van Muylem5Philippe Van de Borne6Gael Deboeck7Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Clinics, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of CongoResearch Unit in Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels BelgiumCardiopulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels BelgiumCardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Clinics, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of CongoPulmonology Department University Hospital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels BelgiumPulmonology Department University Hospital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels BelgiumCardiology Department University Hospital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels BelgiumResearch Unit in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels BelgiumBackground Occupational biomass pollutant exposure as observed in charcoal workers may have significant cardiovascular effects. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and high pulse pressure (HPP), a marker of arterial stiffness, in charcoal workers compared with a control group of agricultural workers from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods and Results The charcoal worker and agricultural worker groups (n=485; median age, 35–40 years) were composed of male charcoal producers (n=229), charcoal saleswomen (n=72), male farmers (n=118), and vegetable saleswomen (n=66). We assessed workplace air pollution, sociodemographic parameters, self‐reported physical activity, body composition, exhaled air carbon monoxide, and blood pressure. Hypertension and HPP prevalences were determined. Logistic regression, adjusted for confounding variables was used to identify the risk factors. Charcoal workplaces were more polluted than agricultural workplaces (P<0.01). Charcoal producers performed higher levels of physical activity (P=0.018) and demonstrated higher levels of exhaled air carbon monoxide (P<0.0001) and pulse pressure (P=0.006), and higher prevalence of grade 1 hypertension (P=0.007), isolated systolic hypertension (P=0.04), and HPP (P=0.02) than farmers. Overall, hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 11.76 [95% CI, 6.26–22.13]), level of particulate matter <10 μm pollutants (aOR, 1.001 [95% CI, 1.0002–1.0017]), smoking (aOR, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.15–4.24]) and low education (aOR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.10–4.17]) were independently associated with HPP. The level of particulate matter <1.0 μm pollutants (aOR, 1.0009 [95% CI, 1.0002–1.0015]), male sex (aOR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.21–3.64]), and job seniority (aOR, 1.022 [95% CI, 1.004–1.044]) were independently associated with isolated systolic hypertension. Conclusions Charcoal producers appear to develop isolated systolic hypertension and HPP more, both indices of cardiovascular events in which occupational biomass particles seem to play an early significant role.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038747Africabiomass occupational pollutioncharcoal workershypertensionpulse pressure
spellingShingle Pierre Lofuta Olenga Vuvu
Malgorzata Klass
Nathalie Pauwen
Augustin Kipula
Silvia Perez Bogerd
Alain Van Muylem
Philippe Van de Borne
Gael Deboeck
Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
Africa
biomass occupational pollution
charcoal workers
hypertension
pulse pressure
title Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
title_full Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
title_fullStr Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
title_short Hypertension and Elevated Pulse Pressure Responsive to Biomass Pollutants Exposures in Young Workers From the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
title_sort hypertension and elevated pulse pressure responsive to biomass pollutants exposures in young workers from the democratic republic of congo a cross sectional analysis
topic Africa
biomass occupational pollution
charcoal workers
hypertension
pulse pressure
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038747
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