Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Thunderclap headache is frequently associated with serious intracranial vascular disorders and a usual reason for emergency department admissions. Association of thunderclap headaches with autoimmune disorders, such as steroid-responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), is highly...

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Main Authors: Naman Zala, Lena Wirth, Berit Jordan, Hagen Meredig, Timolaos Rizos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517934
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author Naman Zala
Lena Wirth
Berit Jordan
Hagen Meredig
Timolaos Rizos
author_facet Naman Zala
Lena Wirth
Berit Jordan
Hagen Meredig
Timolaos Rizos
author_sort Naman Zala
collection DOAJ
description Thunderclap headache is frequently associated with serious intracranial vascular disorders and a usual reason for emergency department admissions. Association of thunderclap headaches with autoimmune disorders, such as steroid-responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), is highly unusual. Here, we report a patient who presented with high-intensity headache of abrupt onset. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed moderate lymphocytic pleocytosis without evidence of infectious, neoplastic, or metabolic causes. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no specific pathologies, and examinations for neuronal antibodies in serum and CSF were negative. The medical history revealed that seven years before, an episode of an aseptic meningoencephalitis with remarkable response to steroids was present. Finally, increased levels of serum anti-TPO antibodies were identified, and against the background of a previous steroid-responsive aseptic meningoencephalitis, diagnosis of SREAT was highly probable. Methylprednisolone therapy was initiated, and the patient recovered completely. In particular, because most SREAT patients respond very well to steroids, this case underlines the importance of taking SREAT into consideration during the assessment of a high-intensity headache of abrupt onset.
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publishDate 2021-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-77b607d3bc994c58ade4097c676dc43c2025-08-20T02:07:09ZengWileyCase Reports in Neurological Medicine2090-66682090-66762021-01-01202110.1155/2021/55179345517934Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune ThyroiditisNaman Zala0Lena Wirth1Berit Jordan2Hagen Meredig3Timolaos Rizos4Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyDepartment of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyThunderclap headache is frequently associated with serious intracranial vascular disorders and a usual reason for emergency department admissions. Association of thunderclap headaches with autoimmune disorders, such as steroid-responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), is highly unusual. Here, we report a patient who presented with high-intensity headache of abrupt onset. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed moderate lymphocytic pleocytosis without evidence of infectious, neoplastic, or metabolic causes. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no specific pathologies, and examinations for neuronal antibodies in serum and CSF were negative. The medical history revealed that seven years before, an episode of an aseptic meningoencephalitis with remarkable response to steroids was present. Finally, increased levels of serum anti-TPO antibodies were identified, and against the background of a previous steroid-responsive aseptic meningoencephalitis, diagnosis of SREAT was highly probable. Methylprednisolone therapy was initiated, and the patient recovered completely. In particular, because most SREAT patients respond very well to steroids, this case underlines the importance of taking SREAT into consideration during the assessment of a high-intensity headache of abrupt onset.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517934
spellingShingle Naman Zala
Lena Wirth
Berit Jordan
Hagen Meredig
Timolaos Rizos
Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
title Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune Thyroiditis
title_full Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune Thyroiditis
title_fullStr Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune Thyroiditis
title_full_unstemmed Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune Thyroiditis
title_short Thunderclap Headache: A Primary Symptom of a Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy with Autoimmune Thyroiditis
title_sort thunderclap headache a primary symptom of a steroid responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517934
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AT hagenmeredig thunderclapheadacheaprimarysymptomofasteroidresponsiveencephalopathywithautoimmunethyroiditis
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