Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF Band

This paper discusses the impact of wind farms on systems operating in the MF band. The presented material has been gathered by the authors during several measurement campaigns they conducted in recent years on the premises of various land wind farms in northern Poland. The results of this research,...

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Main Authors: Krzysztof Bronk, Patryk Koncicki, Adam Lipka, Rafał Niski, Błażej Wereszko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1652
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author Krzysztof Bronk
Patryk Koncicki
Adam Lipka
Rafał Niski
Błażej Wereszko
author_facet Krzysztof Bronk
Patryk Koncicki
Adam Lipka
Rafał Niski
Błażej Wereszko
author_sort Krzysztof Bronk
collection DOAJ
description This paper discusses the impact of wind farms on systems operating in the MF band. The presented material has been gathered by the authors during several measurement campaigns they conducted in recent years on the premises of various land wind farms in northern Poland. The results of this research, however, are particularly important and relevant in the context of offshore wind farms, since several radio systems crucial for safety of navigation and life at sea operate in the MF band, most notably components of the GMDSS. At the time of writing, however, no OWFs existed yet at the Baltic Sea in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone; therefore, it was not possible to conduct such measurements in the target area under maritime conditions. This article presents the theoretical backgrounds of the topic, and then introduces the results obtained for the lower part of the MF band (DGPS) and the upper part of this band. The results obtained in the latter case can be directly applied to the higher frequencies of the LF band and the lower frequencies of the HF band as well. The results show that the impact of wind farms (in the context of EMF, radio shadowing, and interference) on those bands is minimal or even negligible, which is an important and positive conclusion in the context of extensive development of OWFs in Polish waters scheduled for the next few years.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1996-1073
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-779e6dfdd06e4d22a0b6920a39bfbaae2025-08-20T02:17:00ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-03-01187165210.3390/en18071652Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF BandKrzysztof Bronk0Patryk Koncicki1Adam Lipka2Rafał Niski3Błażej Wereszko4National Institute of Telecommunications, 04-894 Warsaw, PolandNational Institute of Telecommunications, 04-894 Warsaw, PolandNational Institute of Telecommunications, 04-894 Warsaw, PolandNational Institute of Telecommunications, 04-894 Warsaw, PolandNational Institute of Telecommunications, 04-894 Warsaw, PolandThis paper discusses the impact of wind farms on systems operating in the MF band. The presented material has been gathered by the authors during several measurement campaigns they conducted in recent years on the premises of various land wind farms in northern Poland. The results of this research, however, are particularly important and relevant in the context of offshore wind farms, since several radio systems crucial for safety of navigation and life at sea operate in the MF band, most notably components of the GMDSS. At the time of writing, however, no OWFs existed yet at the Baltic Sea in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone; therefore, it was not possible to conduct such measurements in the target area under maritime conditions. This article presents the theoretical backgrounds of the topic, and then introduces the results obtained for the lower part of the MF band (DGPS) and the upper part of this band. The results obtained in the latter case can be directly applied to the higher frequencies of the LF band and the lower frequencies of the HF band as well. The results show that the impact of wind farms (in the context of EMF, radio shadowing, and interference) on those bands is minimal or even negligible, which is an important and positive conclusion in the context of extensive development of OWFs in Polish waters scheduled for the next few years.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1652offshore wind farmradio waves propagationGMDSSDGPSmaritime radiocommunication
spellingShingle Krzysztof Bronk
Patryk Koncicki
Adam Lipka
Rafał Niski
Błażej Wereszko
Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF Band
Energies
offshore wind farm
radio waves propagation
GMDSS
DGPS
maritime radiocommunication
title Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF Band
title_full Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF Band
title_fullStr Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF Band
title_full_unstemmed Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF Band
title_short Offshore Wind Farm Impact Assessment on Radio Systems Operating in the MF Band
title_sort offshore wind farm impact assessment on radio systems operating in the mf band
topic offshore wind farm
radio waves propagation
GMDSS
DGPS
maritime radiocommunication
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1652
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AT patrykkoncicki offshorewindfarmimpactassessmentonradiosystemsoperatinginthemfband
AT adamlipka offshorewindfarmimpactassessmentonradiosystemsoperatinginthemfband
AT rafałniski offshorewindfarmimpactassessmentonradiosystemsoperatinginthemfband
AT błazejwereszko offshorewindfarmimpactassessmentonradiosystemsoperatinginthemfband