Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus

ObjectivesSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease with complex pathogenic mechanisms. Mitochondrial function and programmed cell death (PCD) play important roles in SLE. This study aims to screen biomarkers related to mitochondrial function and programmed cell...

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Main Authors: Junjie Cao, Aifang Li, Hui Zhou, Yujie Yan, Gaiying Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1586294/full
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author Junjie Cao
Aifang Li
Hui Zhou
Yujie Yan
Gaiying Luo
author_facet Junjie Cao
Aifang Li
Hui Zhou
Yujie Yan
Gaiying Luo
author_sort Junjie Cao
collection DOAJ
description ObjectivesSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease with complex pathogenic mechanisms. Mitochondrial function and programmed cell death (PCD) play important roles in SLE. This study aims to screen biomarkers related to mitochondrial function and programmed cell death in SLE and analyze their underlying mechanisms.MethodsSLE-related databases were derived from the GEO database, where three SLE databases were merged into one database as the training set. Genes related to mitochondrial function and PCD were sourced from the MitoCarta 3.0 database. Key genes were identified through bioinformatics and machine learning, and their expression levels and diagnostic efficacy were validated using two SLE-related datasets as the validation set. The relationship between diagnostic genes and immune cells was analyzed through CIBERSORT immune infiltration analysis. Diagnostic genes-related miRNAs were predicted using online databases. Differential circRNAs were screened in SLE circRNA datasets, and the relationship between circRNAs and miRNAs is predicted through circbank, finally constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network.ResultsFrom the 448 differential genes in the SLE training set, two key genes, IFI27 and LAMP3, were identified through machine learning and WGCNA. Enrichment analysis revealed that they were mainly enriched in pathways such as cell cycle, systemic lupus erythematosus, cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and nod-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway. Immune infiltration analysis found that compared with normal group, 11 immune cells were differentially expressed, with IFI27 related 9 types of immune cells and LAMP3 related 10 types of immune cells. The final constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network consists of 2 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 4 circRNAs.ConclusionOur study ultimately identified two biomarkers (IFI27 and LAMP3) related to mitochondrial function and programmed cell death that play an important role in SLE. In the future, IFI27 and LAMP3 have the potential to become important biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of SLE. Their role in the immune response may provide new strategies for the treatment of SLE.
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spelling doaj-art-7798a7fda58746cbb5d165a69216492c2025-08-20T02:17:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2025-04-011210.3389/fmolb.2025.15862941586294Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosusJunjie Cao0Aifang Li1Hui Zhou2Yujie Yan3Gaiying Luo4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi’an Fifth Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular, Xi’an Fifth Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaMedical Collage, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Xi’an Fifth Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaObjectivesSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease with complex pathogenic mechanisms. Mitochondrial function and programmed cell death (PCD) play important roles in SLE. This study aims to screen biomarkers related to mitochondrial function and programmed cell death in SLE and analyze their underlying mechanisms.MethodsSLE-related databases were derived from the GEO database, where three SLE databases were merged into one database as the training set. Genes related to mitochondrial function and PCD were sourced from the MitoCarta 3.0 database. Key genes were identified through bioinformatics and machine learning, and their expression levels and diagnostic efficacy were validated using two SLE-related datasets as the validation set. The relationship between diagnostic genes and immune cells was analyzed through CIBERSORT immune infiltration analysis. Diagnostic genes-related miRNAs were predicted using online databases. Differential circRNAs were screened in SLE circRNA datasets, and the relationship between circRNAs and miRNAs is predicted through circbank, finally constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network.ResultsFrom the 448 differential genes in the SLE training set, two key genes, IFI27 and LAMP3, were identified through machine learning and WGCNA. Enrichment analysis revealed that they were mainly enriched in pathways such as cell cycle, systemic lupus erythematosus, cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and nod-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway. Immune infiltration analysis found that compared with normal group, 11 immune cells were differentially expressed, with IFI27 related 9 types of immune cells and LAMP3 related 10 types of immune cells. The final constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network consists of 2 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 4 circRNAs.ConclusionOur study ultimately identified two biomarkers (IFI27 and LAMP3) related to mitochondrial function and programmed cell death that play an important role in SLE. In the future, IFI27 and LAMP3 have the potential to become important biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of SLE. Their role in the immune response may provide new strategies for the treatment of SLE.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1586294/fullmitochondrial functionprogrammed cell deathsystemic lupus erythematosusbioinformaticsmachine learning
spellingShingle Junjie Cao
Aifang Li
Hui Zhou
Yujie Yan
Gaiying Luo
Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
mitochondrial function
programmed cell death
systemic lupus erythematosus
bioinformatics
machine learning
title Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus
title_full Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus
title_fullStr Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus
title_full_unstemmed Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus
title_short Identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus
title_sort identification of mitochondrial function and programmed cell death associated key biomarkers and the circrna mirna mrna regulatory network in systemic lupus erythematosus
topic mitochondrial function
programmed cell death
systemic lupus erythematosus
bioinformatics
machine learning
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1586294/full
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