Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves
Abstract Assessing the effects of air pollutants, including aerosols, on trees is important for protecting forests in the future. This study determined the adsorption of particles on trees after 1- or 2-year long-term exposure (for 1 or 2 h/day) to submicron-scale ammonium sulfate (AS) particles usi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44273-024-00046-9 |
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| author | Kenichi Yamane Satoshi Nakaba Masahiro Yamaguchi Katsushi Kuroda Yuzou Sano I. Wuled Lenggoro Takeshi Izuta Ryo Funada |
| author_facet | Kenichi Yamane Satoshi Nakaba Masahiro Yamaguchi Katsushi Kuroda Yuzou Sano I. Wuled Lenggoro Takeshi Izuta Ryo Funada |
| author_sort | Kenichi Yamane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Assessing the effects of air pollutants, including aerosols, on trees is important for protecting forests in the future. This study determined the adsorption of particles on trees after 1- or 2-year long-term exposure (for 1 or 2 h/day) to submicron-scale ammonium sulfate (AS) particles using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was also used to distinguish particles resulting from exposure from those present on the leaves under natural conditions prior to the 1- or 2-year exposure. We found submicron-sized AS particles were deposited on the leaf surfaces of four tree species after long-term exposure in a growth chamber < 70% humidity. These particles occurred as individual deposits without aggregation on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. The particle shape deposited on the leaf surface in short-term (3–30 min) exposures in a growth chamber < 70% humidity was spherical with no corners, whereas that in long-term exposures was nonspherical flattened, angular, or irregular. Few micrometers was also observed, differing from 300 to 600 nm in diameter at exposure. These differences could be caused by the possibility that the particles have been deposited for a long time or that the humidity on the leaf surface has caused them to deliquescence and change shape after deposition. We hypothesized that these particle changes facilitate the uptake of AS into the leaf interior. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7796f73722d448268d780be41df887c0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2287-1160 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-7796f73722d448268d780be41df887c02025-01-05T12:08:27ZengSpringerAsian Journal of Atmospheric Environment2287-11602024-12-011811810.1007/s44273-024-00046-9Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leavesKenichi Yamane0Satoshi Nakaba1Masahiro Yamaguchi2Katsushi Kuroda3Yuzou Sano4I. Wuled Lenggoro5Takeshi Izuta6Ryo Funada7Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteFaculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyGraduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki UniversityForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteGraduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido UniversityFaculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFaculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFaculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyAbstract Assessing the effects of air pollutants, including aerosols, on trees is important for protecting forests in the future. This study determined the adsorption of particles on trees after 1- or 2-year long-term exposure (for 1 or 2 h/day) to submicron-scale ammonium sulfate (AS) particles using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was also used to distinguish particles resulting from exposure from those present on the leaves under natural conditions prior to the 1- or 2-year exposure. We found submicron-sized AS particles were deposited on the leaf surfaces of four tree species after long-term exposure in a growth chamber < 70% humidity. These particles occurred as individual deposits without aggregation on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. The particle shape deposited on the leaf surface in short-term (3–30 min) exposures in a growth chamber < 70% humidity was spherical with no corners, whereas that in long-term exposures was nonspherical flattened, angular, or irregular. Few micrometers was also observed, differing from 300 to 600 nm in diameter at exposure. These differences could be caused by the possibility that the particles have been deposited for a long time or that the humidity on the leaf surface has caused them to deliquescence and change shape after deposition. We hypothesized that these particle changes facilitate the uptake of AS into the leaf interior.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44273-024-00046-9Ammonium sulfate particlesSubmicron sized particlesField-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) |
| spellingShingle | Kenichi Yamane Satoshi Nakaba Masahiro Yamaguchi Katsushi Kuroda Yuzou Sano I. Wuled Lenggoro Takeshi Izuta Ryo Funada Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment Ammonium sulfate particles Submicron sized particles Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) |
| title | Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves |
| title_full | Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves |
| title_fullStr | Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves |
| title_short | Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves |
| title_sort | shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long term exposure on tree leaves |
| topic | Ammonium sulfate particles Submicron sized particles Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44273-024-00046-9 |
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