Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function

Abstract Continuous pepper cropping induces soil-borne diseases and disrupts rhizosphere microecological balance. This study employed untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics to investigate treatment effects on rhizosphere metabolic reprogramming and microbe–metabolite interactions. Aqueous and etha...

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Main Authors: Xiangqin Xu, Deqiang Qin, Xiaoping Qin, Xi Gao, Chunhong Li, Xiaowen Liu, Guoxing Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04188-w
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author Xiangqin Xu
Deqiang Qin
Xiaoping Qin
Xi Gao
Chunhong Li
Xiaowen Liu
Guoxing Wu
author_facet Xiangqin Xu
Deqiang Qin
Xiaoping Qin
Xi Gao
Chunhong Li
Xiaowen Liu
Guoxing Wu
author_sort Xiangqin Xu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Continuous pepper cropping induces soil-borne diseases and disrupts rhizosphere microecological balance. This study employed untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics to investigate treatment effects on rhizosphere metabolic reprogramming and microbe–metabolite interactions. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Andrographis paniculata residues (TCMR) were rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, exhibiting significant inhibition against soil-borne pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and others; >70% inhibition at high doses). While single fumigation (W1, M1) transiently suppressed pathogens, it disrupted rhizosphere metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, combined fumigation-TCMR treatments (WC, MC) enhanced plant stress resistance, stabilized membrane integrity, and reshaped microbial communities by modulating amino acid, lipid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Microbe–metabolite network analysis revealed that coupling carbon–nitrogen cycling with redox homeostasis drives soil microecological optimization. This integrated strategy provides a sustainable solution for continuous cropping obstacles through synergistic metabolic reprogramming and microbiome reconstruction.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2180
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-778de10f6f0a49d7baee46bb45c3c2232025-08-20T04:01:52ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-07-0125111410.1186/s12866-025-04188-wSustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere functionXiangqin Xu0Deqiang Qin1Xiaoping Qin2Xi Gao3Chunhong Li4Xiaowen Liu5Guoxing Wu6State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityYongzhou City Radiation Environmental Supervision StationChemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityAbstract Continuous pepper cropping induces soil-borne diseases and disrupts rhizosphere microecological balance. This study employed untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics to investigate treatment effects on rhizosphere metabolic reprogramming and microbe–metabolite interactions. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Andrographis paniculata residues (TCMR) were rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, exhibiting significant inhibition against soil-borne pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and others; >70% inhibition at high doses). While single fumigation (W1, M1) transiently suppressed pathogens, it disrupted rhizosphere metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, combined fumigation-TCMR treatments (WC, MC) enhanced plant stress resistance, stabilized membrane integrity, and reshaped microbial communities by modulating amino acid, lipid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Microbe–metabolite network analysis revealed that coupling carbon–nitrogen cycling with redox homeostasis drives soil microecological optimization. This integrated strategy provides a sustainable solution for continuous cropping obstacles through synergistic metabolic reprogramming and microbiome reconstruction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04188-wUntargeted metabolomicsFumigantsAndrographis paniculata residuesRhizosphere soilMetabolic pathwayContinuous cropping barrier
spellingShingle Xiangqin Xu
Deqiang Qin
Xiaoping Qin
Xi Gao
Chunhong Li
Xiaowen Liu
Guoxing Wu
Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function
BMC Microbiology
Untargeted metabolomics
Fumigants
Andrographis paniculata residues
Rhizosphere soil
Metabolic pathway
Continuous cropping barrier
title Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function
title_full Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function
title_fullStr Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function
title_short Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function
title_sort sustainable management of soil borne disease integrating fumigation with andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function
topic Untargeted metabolomics
Fumigants
Andrographis paniculata residues
Rhizosphere soil
Metabolic pathway
Continuous cropping barrier
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04188-w
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