Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function

Abstract Continuous pepper cropping induces soil-borne diseases and disrupts rhizosphere microecological balance. This study employed untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics to investigate treatment effects on rhizosphere metabolic reprogramming and microbe–metabolite interactions. Aqueous and etha...

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Main Authors: Xiangqin Xu, Deqiang Qin, Xiaoping Qin, Xi Gao, Chunhong Li, Xiaowen Liu, Guoxing Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04188-w
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Summary:Abstract Continuous pepper cropping induces soil-borne diseases and disrupts rhizosphere microecological balance. This study employed untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics to investigate treatment effects on rhizosphere metabolic reprogramming and microbe–metabolite interactions. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Andrographis paniculata residues (TCMR) were rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, exhibiting significant inhibition against soil-borne pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and others; >70% inhibition at high doses). While single fumigation (W1, M1) transiently suppressed pathogens, it disrupted rhizosphere metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, combined fumigation-TCMR treatments (WC, MC) enhanced plant stress resistance, stabilized membrane integrity, and reshaped microbial communities by modulating amino acid, lipid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Microbe–metabolite network analysis revealed that coupling carbon–nitrogen cycling with redox homeostasis drives soil microecological optimization. This integrated strategy provides a sustainable solution for continuous cropping obstacles through synergistic metabolic reprogramming and microbiome reconstruction.
ISSN:1471-2180