College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome Association
BackgroundCollege students are vulnerable to setting long-term trajectories of low physical activity (PA) but are reachable via mobile health fitness tracking (eg, mobile health step counting) and interpersonal support tailored to the college community. However, no studies ha...
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JMIR Publications
2025-06-01
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| Series: | JMIR mHealth and uHealth |
| Online Access: | https://mhealth.jmir.org/2025/1/e51707 |
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| author | Garrett I Ash Selene S Mak Adrian D Haughton Madilyn Augustine Phillip O Bodurtha Robert S Axtell Beatrice Borsari Jason J Liu Shaoke Lou Xin Xin Lisa M Fucito Sangchoon Jeon Matthew Stults-Kolehmainen Mark B Gerstein |
| author_facet | Garrett I Ash Selene S Mak Adrian D Haughton Madilyn Augustine Phillip O Bodurtha Robert S Axtell Beatrice Borsari Jason J Liu Shaoke Lou Xin Xin Lisa M Fucito Sangchoon Jeon Matthew Stults-Kolehmainen Mark B Gerstein |
| author_sort | Garrett I Ash |
| collection | DOAJ |
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BackgroundCollege students are vulnerable to setting long-term trajectories of low physical activity (PA) but are reachable via mobile health fitness tracking (eg, mobile health step counting) and interpersonal support tailored to the college community. However, no studies have statistically isolated the appeal and influence of these intra- and interpersonal components in college-based PA interventions.
ObjectiveThis study retrospectively examined a college-based PA promotion program at a northeast US public university during the COVID-19 pandemic to (1) test the impact of student status on the use of intervention components and (2) determine whether such use was associated with successful retention and goal achievement in the program.
MethodsThe university used a commercial platform for a 30-day PA promotion program during April 2021 with intrapersonal (step-tracker syncing, education, self-monitoring, and motivational messaging) and interpersonal (friend interactions and team games) components. App use was operationalized as intrapersonal (frequency of opening app, education, and self-monitoring) and interpersonal (friends made in-app and team affiliation and size).
ResultsCampus-wide emails elicited sign-up by 156 undergraduate students, 57 graduate students, and 126 faculty and staff members. Objective 1 yielded the following results: undergraduates used the app less frequently (median 0.8, IQR 0.4-1.7 times per day) than other groups (graduate students: median 1.4, IQR 0.7-2.7 times per day; P=.01; faculty: median 1.3, IQR 0.7-2.7 times per day, H2=14.5; P=.001) but made the same number of friends (median 1-2) and teammates (median 8-9; P=.77 for friends and P=.93 for teammates). Objective 2 yielded the following results: most participants (313/335, 93.4%; 95% CI 90%-96%) were retained for the first 7 days, but by 30 days, retention dropped, most notably for undergraduate students (82/154, 53.2%; 95% CI 45%-61%), followed by graduate students (39/56, 70%; 95% CI 56%-81%) and faculty and staff (93/125, 74.4%; 95% CI 66%-82%; χ22=12.6; P<.001). Retention was associated with app engagement frequency (model hazard ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.43-0.72; P<.001) and affiliation with a team having high median app engagement and a large size (intracluster correlation coefficient 0.064, 95% CI 0.001-0.164, P=.05). Meeting a daily step goal was associated with app engagement frequency (β=.72, SE=0.21; P=.001), number of friends (β=.40, SE 0.20; P=.04), and an initial motive of maintaining or increasing (rather than starting) PA (β=.99, SE=0.21; P<.001).
ConclusionsCollege students, compared with faculty and staff, used the app less frequently, used the app for a shorter duration before abandonment, and met the step goal on fewer days. Engagement with the program was associated with longer retention and better PA outcomes, which were critically modified by the interpersonal engagement. These findings suggest that college students using virtual PA support during times of physical isolation could benefit from more tailored implementation strategies (eg, timed prompts and team reassignments). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-778196c692044cd0afcfc7fe928d15c9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2291-5222 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR mHealth and uHealth |
| spelling | doaj-art-778196c692044cd0afcfc7fe928d15c92025-08-20T03:20:37ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR mHealth and uHealth2291-52222025-06-0113e5170710.2196/51707College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome AssociationGarrett I Ashhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-7525Selene S Makhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-4361Adrian D Haughtonhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-3227-3294Madilyn Augustinehttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-4043-8233Phillip O Bodurthahttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-5837-6784Robert S Axtellhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1356-5217Beatrice Borsarihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-3557Jason J Liuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-7319Shaoke Louhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2626-5897Xin Xinhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-923XLisa M Fucitohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9410-2830Sangchoon Jeonhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-2053Matthew Stults-Kolehmainenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5361-9614Mark B Gersteinhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-3719 BackgroundCollege students are vulnerable to setting long-term trajectories of low physical activity (PA) but are reachable via mobile health fitness tracking (eg, mobile health step counting) and interpersonal support tailored to the college community. However, no studies have statistically isolated the appeal and influence of these intra- and interpersonal components in college-based PA interventions. ObjectiveThis study retrospectively examined a college-based PA promotion program at a northeast US public university during the COVID-19 pandemic to (1) test the impact of student status on the use of intervention components and (2) determine whether such use was associated with successful retention and goal achievement in the program. MethodsThe university used a commercial platform for a 30-day PA promotion program during April 2021 with intrapersonal (step-tracker syncing, education, self-monitoring, and motivational messaging) and interpersonal (friend interactions and team games) components. App use was operationalized as intrapersonal (frequency of opening app, education, and self-monitoring) and interpersonal (friends made in-app and team affiliation and size). ResultsCampus-wide emails elicited sign-up by 156 undergraduate students, 57 graduate students, and 126 faculty and staff members. Objective 1 yielded the following results: undergraduates used the app less frequently (median 0.8, IQR 0.4-1.7 times per day) than other groups (graduate students: median 1.4, IQR 0.7-2.7 times per day; P=.01; faculty: median 1.3, IQR 0.7-2.7 times per day, H2=14.5; P=.001) but made the same number of friends (median 1-2) and teammates (median 8-9; P=.77 for friends and P=.93 for teammates). Objective 2 yielded the following results: most participants (313/335, 93.4%; 95% CI 90%-96%) were retained for the first 7 days, but by 30 days, retention dropped, most notably for undergraduate students (82/154, 53.2%; 95% CI 45%-61%), followed by graduate students (39/56, 70%; 95% CI 56%-81%) and faculty and staff (93/125, 74.4%; 95% CI 66%-82%; χ22=12.6; P<.001). Retention was associated with app engagement frequency (model hazard ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.43-0.72; P<.001) and affiliation with a team having high median app engagement and a large size (intracluster correlation coefficient 0.064, 95% CI 0.001-0.164, P=.05). Meeting a daily step goal was associated with app engagement frequency (β=.72, SE=0.21; P=.001), number of friends (β=.40, SE 0.20; P=.04), and an initial motive of maintaining or increasing (rather than starting) PA (β=.99, SE=0.21; P<.001). ConclusionsCollege students, compared with faculty and staff, used the app less frequently, used the app for a shorter duration before abandonment, and met the step goal on fewer days. Engagement with the program was associated with longer retention and better PA outcomes, which were critically modified by the interpersonal engagement. These findings suggest that college students using virtual PA support during times of physical isolation could benefit from more tailored implementation strategies (eg, timed prompts and team reassignments).https://mhealth.jmir.org/2025/1/e51707 |
| spellingShingle | Garrett I Ash Selene S Mak Adrian D Haughton Madilyn Augustine Phillip O Bodurtha Robert S Axtell Beatrice Borsari Jason J Liu Shaoke Lou Xin Xin Lisa M Fucito Sangchoon Jeon Matthew Stults-Kolehmainen Mark B Gerstein College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome Association JMIR mHealth and uHealth |
| title | College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome Association |
| title_full | College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome Association |
| title_fullStr | College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome Association |
| title_full_unstemmed | College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome Association |
| title_short | College Community–Based Physical Activity Support at a Public University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Intra- Versus Interpersonal Components for Uptake and Outcome Association |
| title_sort | college community based physical activity support at a public university during the covid 19 pandemic retrospective longitudinal analysis of intra versus interpersonal components for uptake and outcome association |
| url | https://mhealth.jmir.org/2025/1/e51707 |
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