Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and Vision

Accurate indoor positioning services have become increasingly important in modern applications. Various new indoor positioning methods have been developed. Among them, visual–inertial odometry (VIO)-based techniques are notably limited by lighting conditions, while ultrawideband (UWB)-based algorith...

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Main Authors: Zhongliang Deng, Haiming Luo, Xiangchuan Gao, Peijia Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6501
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author Zhongliang Deng
Haiming Luo
Xiangchuan Gao
Peijia Liu
author_facet Zhongliang Deng
Haiming Luo
Xiangchuan Gao
Peijia Liu
author_sort Zhongliang Deng
collection DOAJ
description Accurate indoor positioning services have become increasingly important in modern applications. Various new indoor positioning methods have been developed. Among them, visual–inertial odometry (VIO)-based techniques are notably limited by lighting conditions, while ultrawideband (UWB)-based algorithms are highly susceptible to environmental interference. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid indoor positioning algorithm that combines UWB and VIO. The method first utilizes a tightly coupled UWB/inertial measurement unit (IMU) fusion algorithm based on a sliding-window factor graph to obtain initial position estimates. These estimates are then combined with VIO outputs to formulate the system’s motion and observation models. Finally, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied for data fusion to achieve optimal state estimation. The proposed hybrid positioning algorithm is validated on a self-developed mobile platform in an indoor environment. Experimental results show that, in indoor environments, the proposed method reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) by 67.6% and the maximum error by approximately 67.9% compared with the standalone UWB method. Compared with the stereo VIO model, the RMSE and maximum error are reduced by 55.4% and 60.4%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the UWB/IMU fusion model, the proposed method achieves a 50.0% reduction in RMSE and a 59.1% reduction in maximum error.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
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publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-7777fbabf01e4fc298a22edddea757522025-08-20T03:32:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512650110.3390/app15126501Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and VisionZhongliang Deng0Haiming Luo1Xiangchuan Gao2Peijia Liu3School of Electronics and Information, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaSchool of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaAccurate indoor positioning services have become increasingly important in modern applications. Various new indoor positioning methods have been developed. Among them, visual–inertial odometry (VIO)-based techniques are notably limited by lighting conditions, while ultrawideband (UWB)-based algorithms are highly susceptible to environmental interference. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid indoor positioning algorithm that combines UWB and VIO. The method first utilizes a tightly coupled UWB/inertial measurement unit (IMU) fusion algorithm based on a sliding-window factor graph to obtain initial position estimates. These estimates are then combined with VIO outputs to formulate the system’s motion and observation models. Finally, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied for data fusion to achieve optimal state estimation. The proposed hybrid positioning algorithm is validated on a self-developed mobile platform in an indoor environment. Experimental results show that, in indoor environments, the proposed method reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) by 67.6% and the maximum error by approximately 67.9% compared with the standalone UWB method. Compared with the stereo VIO model, the RMSE and maximum error are reduced by 55.4% and 60.4%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the UWB/IMU fusion model, the proposed method achieves a 50.0% reduction in RMSE and a 59.1% reduction in maximum error.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6501indoor positioningultrawideband (UWB)visual–inertial SLAMsensor fusionKalman filter
spellingShingle Zhongliang Deng
Haiming Luo
Xiangchuan Gao
Peijia Liu
Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and Vision
Applied Sciences
indoor positioning
ultrawideband (UWB)
visual–inertial SLAM
sensor fusion
Kalman filter
title Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and Vision
title_full Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and Vision
title_fullStr Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and Vision
title_full_unstemmed Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and Vision
title_short Fusion-Based Localization System Integrating UWB, IMU, and Vision
title_sort fusion based localization system integrating uwb imu and vision
topic indoor positioning
ultrawideband (UWB)
visual–inertial SLAM
sensor fusion
Kalman filter
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6501
work_keys_str_mv AT zhongliangdeng fusionbasedlocalizationsystemintegratinguwbimuandvision
AT haimingluo fusionbasedlocalizationsystemintegratinguwbimuandvision
AT xiangchuangao fusionbasedlocalizationsystemintegratinguwbimuandvision
AT peijialiu fusionbasedlocalizationsystemintegratinguwbimuandvision