Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy Metals

Soil contamination by heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) poses significant environmental and health risks. This study evaluated the extractability and bioavailability of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in soils co-contaminated with heavy metals and diesel using two chelating agents (EDTA and DT...

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Main Authors: Yun-Yeong Lee, Soo Yeon Lee, Kyung-Suk Cho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 2025-03-01
Series:대한환경공학회지
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.jksee.or.kr/upload/pdf/KSEE-2025-47-3-177.pdf
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author Yun-Yeong Lee
Soo Yeon Lee
Kyung-Suk Cho
author_facet Yun-Yeong Lee
Soo Yeon Lee
Kyung-Suk Cho
author_sort Yun-Yeong Lee
collection DOAJ
description Soil contamination by heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) poses significant environmental and health risks. This study evaluated the extractability and bioavailability of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in soils co-contaminated with heavy metals and diesel using two chelating agents (EDTA and DTPA) and two neutral salts (NaNO3 and CaCl2). Maize and tall fescue were cultivated for 60 days to assess heavy metal uptake. The results showed that chelating agents extracted significantly greater amounts of Cu, likely due to their strong complexation with metal ions. However, neutral salts exhibited stronger correlations between extractable Cu in soil and its uptake by plant roots (R2 = 0.676–0.924). Additionally, the bioaccumulation factor (BF) for Cu was higher when neutral salts were used (0.80–3.96) compared to chelating agents (0.08–0.36), suggesting that neutral salts more accurately reflect the bioavailable Cu fraction for plant uptake. In contrast, Pb exhibited low extractability and bioavailability across all extractants, with no significant correlations between total and extractable fractions or plant uptake. These findings suggest that while neutral salts are suitable for evaluating Cu bioavailability, single extraction methods may not be appropriate for assessing Pb dynamics in co-contaminated soils.
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series 대한환경공학회지
spelling doaj-art-7775729ac9fb4a3c8b4545605e1bfd5f2025-08-20T02:55:48ZengKorean Society of Environmental Engineers대한환경공학회지1225-50252383-78102025-03-0147317719410.4491/KSEE.2025.47.3.1774582Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy MetalsYun-Yeong Lee0Soo Yeon Lee1Kyung-Suk Cho2Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaSoil contamination by heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) poses significant environmental and health risks. This study evaluated the extractability and bioavailability of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in soils co-contaminated with heavy metals and diesel using two chelating agents (EDTA and DTPA) and two neutral salts (NaNO3 and CaCl2). Maize and tall fescue were cultivated for 60 days to assess heavy metal uptake. The results showed that chelating agents extracted significantly greater amounts of Cu, likely due to their strong complexation with metal ions. However, neutral salts exhibited stronger correlations between extractable Cu in soil and its uptake by plant roots (R2 = 0.676–0.924). Additionally, the bioaccumulation factor (BF) for Cu was higher when neutral salts were used (0.80–3.96) compared to chelating agents (0.08–0.36), suggesting that neutral salts more accurately reflect the bioavailable Cu fraction for plant uptake. In contrast, Pb exhibited low extractability and bioavailability across all extractants, with no significant correlations between total and extractable fractions or plant uptake. These findings suggest that while neutral salts are suitable for evaluating Cu bioavailability, single extraction methods may not be appropriate for assessing Pb dynamics in co-contaminated soils.http://www.jksee.or.kr/upload/pdf/KSEE-2025-47-3-177.pdfheavy metal extractabilityphytoextractionedtadtpacalcium chloridesodium nitrate
spellingShingle Yun-Yeong Lee
Soo Yeon Lee
Kyung-Suk Cho
Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy Metals
대한환경공학회지
heavy metal extractability
phytoextraction
edta
dtpa
calcium chloride
sodium nitrate
title Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy Metals
title_full Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy Metals
title_fullStr Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy Metals
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy Metals
title_short Comparative Assessment of Single Extraction Methods for Evaluating Copper and Lead Bioavailability in Co-contaminated Soils with Diesel and Heavy Metals
title_sort comparative assessment of single extraction methods for evaluating copper and lead bioavailability in co contaminated soils with diesel and heavy metals
topic heavy metal extractability
phytoextraction
edta
dtpa
calcium chloride
sodium nitrate
url http://www.jksee.or.kr/upload/pdf/KSEE-2025-47-3-177.pdf
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AT sooyeonlee comparativeassessmentofsingleextractionmethodsforevaluatingcopperandleadbioavailabilityincocontaminatedsoilswithdieselandheavymetals
AT kyungsukcho comparativeassessmentofsingleextractionmethodsforevaluatingcopperandleadbioavailabilityincocontaminatedsoilswithdieselandheavymetals