Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury Toxicity

Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant risks to human health and the environment. This study explores the sources and routes of mercury exposure to humans, its toxicological effects, and the various methods of phytoremediation and bioremediation to mitigate (Reduce) mercu...

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Main Authors: Praveen Kumar Maddheshiya, Priyanka Bharti, Sarad Kumar Mishra, Kapil Gupta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-04-01
Series:Proceedings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/103/1/29
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author Praveen Kumar Maddheshiya
Priyanka Bharti
Sarad Kumar Mishra
Kapil Gupta
author_facet Praveen Kumar Maddheshiya
Priyanka Bharti
Sarad Kumar Mishra
Kapil Gupta
author_sort Praveen Kumar Maddheshiya
collection DOAJ
description Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant risks to human health and the environment. This study explores the sources and routes of mercury exposure to humans, its toxicological effects, and the various methods of phytoremediation and bioremediation to mitigate (Reduce) mercury contamination in the environment. Mercury exposure to humans primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated seafood, the inhalation of mercury vapour, and occupational exposure, which can lead to adverse health effects, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, and developmental defects. Furthermore, mercury contamination in the environment can persist and bioaccumulate in the food chain, further exacerbating the risks to human health. Phytoremediation, a sustainable and cost-effective method, involves the use of plants to extract, stabilize, or transform mercury in contaminated soils or water. Various plant species have demonstrated the ability to accumulate and detoxify mercury through mechanisms such as phytochelation and rhizofiltration. Additionally, the genetic engineering of plants can be achieved to enhance mercury uptake, and accumulation is also a promising method used for efficient phytoremediation. Bioremediation, on the other hand, involves the use of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to remediate mercury-contaminated sites. These microorganisms can reduce mercury to less toxic forms (e.g., elemental mercury to less soluble mercuric ions) or form complexes that immobilize mercury. Apart from microbes and plants, seaweed or seaweed-derived products can be seen as an efficient alternative for the bioaccumulation of mercury. Bioremediation techniques are being continuously developed and optimized to enhance their efficiency and applicability.
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spelling doaj-art-77639eeef7c44681a3c2bc243c792b992025-08-20T01:48:54ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-04-0110312910.3390/proceedings2024103029Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury ToxicityPraveen Kumar Maddheshiya0Priyanka Bharti1Sarad Kumar Mishra2Kapil Gupta3Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu 272202, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu 272202, IndiaMercury (Hg) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant risks to human health and the environment. This study explores the sources and routes of mercury exposure to humans, its toxicological effects, and the various methods of phytoremediation and bioremediation to mitigate (Reduce) mercury contamination in the environment. Mercury exposure to humans primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated seafood, the inhalation of mercury vapour, and occupational exposure, which can lead to adverse health effects, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, and developmental defects. Furthermore, mercury contamination in the environment can persist and bioaccumulate in the food chain, further exacerbating the risks to human health. Phytoremediation, a sustainable and cost-effective method, involves the use of plants to extract, stabilize, or transform mercury in contaminated soils or water. Various plant species have demonstrated the ability to accumulate and detoxify mercury through mechanisms such as phytochelation and rhizofiltration. Additionally, the genetic engineering of plants can be achieved to enhance mercury uptake, and accumulation is also a promising method used for efficient phytoremediation. Bioremediation, on the other hand, involves the use of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to remediate mercury-contaminated sites. These microorganisms can reduce mercury to less toxic forms (e.g., elemental mercury to less soluble mercuric ions) or form complexes that immobilize mercury. Apart from microbes and plants, seaweed or seaweed-derived products can be seen as an efficient alternative for the bioaccumulation of mercury. Bioremediation techniques are being continuously developed and optimized to enhance their efficiency and applicability.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/103/1/29mercury (Hg)toxicity-neurological disordersphytoremediationbioremediation
spellingShingle Praveen Kumar Maddheshiya
Priyanka Bharti
Sarad Kumar Mishra
Kapil Gupta
Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury Toxicity
Proceedings
mercury (Hg)
toxicity-neurological disorders
phytoremediation
bioremediation
title Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury Toxicity
title_full Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury Toxicity
title_fullStr Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury Toxicity
title_full_unstemmed Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury Toxicity
title_short Study on Mercury Exposure and Different Approaches for the Management of Mercury Toxicity
title_sort study on mercury exposure and different approaches for the management of mercury toxicity
topic mercury (Hg)
toxicity-neurological disorders
phytoremediation
bioremediation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/103/1/29
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