Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees

The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes o...

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Main Authors: Akiko Satake, Ryosuke Imai, Takeshi Fujino, Sou Tomimoto, Kayoko Ohta, Mohammad Na'iem, Sapto Indrioko, Widiyatno Widiyatno, Susilo Purnomo, Almudena Molla Morales, Viktoria Nizhynska, Naoki Tani, Yoshihisa Suyama, Eriko Sasaki, Masahiro Kasahara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2024-10-01
Series:eLife
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Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/88456
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author Akiko Satake
Ryosuke Imai
Takeshi Fujino
Sou Tomimoto
Kayoko Ohta
Mohammad Na'iem
Sapto Indrioko
Widiyatno Widiyatno
Susilo Purnomo
Almudena Molla Morales
Viktoria Nizhynska
Naoki Tani
Yoshihisa Suyama
Eriko Sasaki
Masahiro Kasahara
author_facet Akiko Satake
Ryosuke Imai
Takeshi Fujino
Sou Tomimoto
Kayoko Ohta
Mohammad Na'iem
Sapto Indrioko
Widiyatno Widiyatno
Susilo Purnomo
Almudena Molla Morales
Viktoria Nizhynska
Naoki Tani
Yoshihisa Suyama
Eriko Sasaki
Masahiro Kasahara
author_sort Akiko Satake
collection DOAJ
description The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees, Shorea laevis (slow-growing) and S. leprosula (fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia. Using newly constructed genomes, we identified a greater number of somatic mutations in tropical trees than in temperate trees. In both species, we observed a linear increase in the number of somatic mutations with physical distance between branches. However, we found that the rate of somatic mutation accumulation per meter of growth was 3.7-fold higher in S. laevis than in S. leprosula. This difference in the somatic mutation rate was scaled with the slower growth rate of S. laevis compared to S. leprosula, resulting in a constant somatic mutation rate per year between the two species. We also found that somatic mutations are neutral within an individual, but those mutations transmitted to the next generation are subject to purifying selection. These findings suggest that somatic mutations accumulate with absolute time and older trees have a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.
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spelling doaj-art-7752b59b6a76409cbb9c4882bbecf05a2025-08-20T02:10:34ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2024-10-011210.7554/eLife.88456Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical treesAkiko Satake0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0831-8617Ryosuke Imai1Takeshi Fujino2Sou Tomimoto3https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8376-7104Kayoko Ohta4Mohammad Na'iem5Sapto Indrioko6Widiyatno Widiyatno7Susilo Purnomo8Almudena Molla Morales9Viktoria Nizhynska10Naoki Tani11Yoshihisa Suyama12Eriko Sasaki13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-364XMasahiro Kasahara14Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, JapanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, IndonesiaPT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Pontianak, IndonesiaGregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, AustriaGregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, AustriaForestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanField Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, JapanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, JapanThe rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees, Shorea laevis (slow-growing) and S. leprosula (fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia. Using newly constructed genomes, we identified a greater number of somatic mutations in tropical trees than in temperate trees. In both species, we observed a linear increase in the number of somatic mutations with physical distance between branches. However, we found that the rate of somatic mutation accumulation per meter of growth was 3.7-fold higher in S. laevis than in S. leprosula. This difference in the somatic mutation rate was scaled with the slower growth rate of S. laevis compared to S. leprosula, resulting in a constant somatic mutation rate per year between the two species. We also found that somatic mutations are neutral within an individual, but those mutations transmitted to the next generation are subject to purifying selection. These findings suggest that somatic mutations accumulate with absolute time and older trees have a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.https://elifesciences.org/articles/88456somatic mutationmutational spectrumgenetic diversitytropical ecosystemsshorea
spellingShingle Akiko Satake
Ryosuke Imai
Takeshi Fujino
Sou Tomimoto
Kayoko Ohta
Mohammad Na'iem
Sapto Indrioko
Widiyatno Widiyatno
Susilo Purnomo
Almudena Molla Morales
Viktoria Nizhynska
Naoki Tani
Yoshihisa Suyama
Eriko Sasaki
Masahiro Kasahara
Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
eLife
somatic mutation
mutational spectrum
genetic diversity
tropical ecosystems
shorea
title Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
title_full Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
title_fullStr Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
title_full_unstemmed Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
title_short Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
title_sort somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long lived tropical trees
topic somatic mutation
mutational spectrum
genetic diversity
tropical ecosystems
shorea
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/88456
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