Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses
Common wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world. Grain harvests can be increased by reducing losses from diseases and environmental stresses. The tertiary gene pool, including Thinopyrum spp., is a valuable resource for increasing genetic diversity and wheat resistance to fungal di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders
2024-09-01
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| Series: | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
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| Online Access: | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4235 |
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| author | L. Ya. Plotnikova V. V. Knaub |
| author_facet | L. Ya. Plotnikova V. V. Knaub |
| author_sort | L. Ya. Plotnikova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Common wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world. Grain harvests can be increased by reducing losses from diseases and environmental stresses. The tertiary gene pool, including Thinopyrum spp., is a valuable resource for increasing genetic diversity and wheat resistance to fungal diseases and abiotic stresses. Distant hybridization between wheat and Thinopyrum spp. began in the 1920s in Russia, and later continued in different countries. The main results were obtained using the species Th. ponticum and Th. intermedium. Additionally, introgression material was created based on Th. elongatum, Th. bessarabicum, Th. junceiforme, Agropyron cristatum. The results of introgression for resistance to diseases (leaf, stem, and stripe rusts; powdery mildew; Fusarium head blight; and Septoria blotch) and abiotic stresses (drought, extreme temperatures, and salinity) to wheat was reviewed. Approaches to improving the agronomic properties of introgression breeding material (the use of irradiation, ph-mutants and compensating Robertsonian translocations) were described. The experience of long-term use in the world of a number of genes from the tertiary gene pool in protecting wheat from leaf and stem rust was observed. Th. ponticum is a nonhost for Puccinia triticina (Ptr) and P. graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) and suppresses the development of rust fungi on the plant surface. Wheat samples with the tall wheatgrass genes Lr19, Lr38, Sr24, Sr25 and Sr26 showed defence mechanisms similar to nonhosts resistance. Their influence led to disruption of the development of surface infection structures and fungal death when trying to penetrate the stomata (prehaustorial resistance or stomatal immunity). Obviously, a change in the chemical properties of fungal surface structures of races virulent to Lr19, Lr24, Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 leads to a decrease in their adaptability to the environment. This possibly determined the durable resistance of cultivars to leaf and stem rusts in different regions. Alien genes with a similar effect are of interest for breeding cultivars with durable resistance to rust diseases and engineering crops with the help of molecular technologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-775161dac7ff4c679a270d14138102a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2500-3259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
| spelling | doaj-art-775161dac7ff4c679a270d14138102a12025-02-01T09:58:13ZengSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and BreedersВавиловский журнал генетики и селекции2500-32592024-09-0128553655310.18699/vjgb-24-601488Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stressesL. Ya. Plotnikova0V. V. Knaub1Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. StolypinOmsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. StolypinCommon wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world. Grain harvests can be increased by reducing losses from diseases and environmental stresses. The tertiary gene pool, including Thinopyrum spp., is a valuable resource for increasing genetic diversity and wheat resistance to fungal diseases and abiotic stresses. Distant hybridization between wheat and Thinopyrum spp. began in the 1920s in Russia, and later continued in different countries. The main results were obtained using the species Th. ponticum and Th. intermedium. Additionally, introgression material was created based on Th. elongatum, Th. bessarabicum, Th. junceiforme, Agropyron cristatum. The results of introgression for resistance to diseases (leaf, stem, and stripe rusts; powdery mildew; Fusarium head blight; and Septoria blotch) and abiotic stresses (drought, extreme temperatures, and salinity) to wheat was reviewed. Approaches to improving the agronomic properties of introgression breeding material (the use of irradiation, ph-mutants and compensating Robertsonian translocations) were described. The experience of long-term use in the world of a number of genes from the tertiary gene pool in protecting wheat from leaf and stem rust was observed. Th. ponticum is a nonhost for Puccinia triticina (Ptr) and P. graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) and suppresses the development of rust fungi on the plant surface. Wheat samples with the tall wheatgrass genes Lr19, Lr38, Sr24, Sr25 and Sr26 showed defence mechanisms similar to nonhosts resistance. Their influence led to disruption of the development of surface infection structures and fungal death when trying to penetrate the stomata (prehaustorial resistance or stomatal immunity). Obviously, a change in the chemical properties of fungal surface structures of races virulent to Lr19, Lr24, Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 leads to a decrease in their adaptability to the environment. This possibly determined the durable resistance of cultivars to leaf and stem rusts in different regions. Alien genes with a similar effect are of interest for breeding cultivars with durable resistance to rust diseases and engineering crops with the help of molecular technologies.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4235wheat breedingtertiary gene pool<i>thinopyrum</i><i>agropyron</i>introgressionresistance for disease and abiotic stressesnonhost resistancedurable resistance |
| spellingShingle | L. Ya. Plotnikova V. V. Knaub Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции wheat breeding tertiary gene pool <i>thinopyrum</i> <i>agropyron</i> introgression resistance for disease and abiotic stresses nonhost resistance durable resistance |
| title | Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses |
| title_full | Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses |
| title_fullStr | Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses |
| title_short | Exploitation of the genetic potential of <i>Thinopyrum</i> and <i>Agropyron</i> genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses |
| title_sort | exploitation of the genetic potential of i thinopyrum i and i agropyron i genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses |
| topic | wheat breeding tertiary gene pool <i>thinopyrum</i> <i>agropyron</i> introgression resistance for disease and abiotic stresses nonhost resistance durable resistance |
| url | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4235 |
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