Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i>
<i>Viola philippica</i>, a medicinal herbaceous plant documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a promising candidate for research into plant-derived pharmaceuticals. However, the study of newly emerging viruses that threaten the cultivation of <i>V. philippica</i> remains...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/114 |
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| author | Yuanling Chen Gaoxiang Chen Jiaping Yu Yali Zhou Shifang Fei Haorong Chen Jianxiang Wu Shuai Fu |
| author_facet | Yuanling Chen Gaoxiang Chen Jiaping Yu Yali Zhou Shifang Fei Haorong Chen Jianxiang Wu Shuai Fu |
| author_sort | Yuanling Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Viola philippica</i>, a medicinal herbaceous plant documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a promising candidate for research into plant-derived pharmaceuticals. However, the study of newly emerging viruses that threaten the cultivation of <i>V. philippica</i> remains limited. In this study, <i>V. philippica</i> plants exhibiting symptoms such as leaf yellowing, mottled leaves, and vein chlorosis were collected and subjected to RNA sequencing to identify potential viral pathogens. A novel polerovirus, named Viola Philippica Polerovirus (VPPV), was identified in <i>V. philippica</i>. VPPV possesses a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome consisting of 5535 nucleotides (nt) and encodes seven highly overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Two potential recombination events were identified within ORF2, ORF3a, and ORF3, providing insights into the genetic diversity and evolution history of this novel polerovirus. An infectious cDNA clone of VPPV was successfully constructed and shown to infect <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Using a PVX-based heterologous expression system, the VPPV P0 protein was shown to trigger a systemic hypersensitive response (HR)-like reaction in <i>N. benthamiana</i>, indicating that P0 functions as the main pathogenicity determinant. These findings contributed to the detection and understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and control strategies for VPPV in <i>V. philippica</i>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77454bd82eb54a208a18fed3e2d40627 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-77454bd82eb54a208a18fed3e2d406272025-01-24T13:52:38ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-01-0117111410.3390/v17010114Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i>Yuanling Chen0Gaoxiang Chen1Jiaping Yu2Yali Zhou3Shifang Fei4Haorong Chen5Jianxiang Wu6Shuai Fu7Research Center for Life Sciences Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, ChinaResearch Center for Life Sciences Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, ChinaHainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, ChinaHainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, ChinaHainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, ChinaResearch Center for Life Sciences Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, ChinaHainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, ChinaResearch Center for Life Sciences Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China<i>Viola philippica</i>, a medicinal herbaceous plant documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a promising candidate for research into plant-derived pharmaceuticals. However, the study of newly emerging viruses that threaten the cultivation of <i>V. philippica</i> remains limited. In this study, <i>V. philippica</i> plants exhibiting symptoms such as leaf yellowing, mottled leaves, and vein chlorosis were collected and subjected to RNA sequencing to identify potential viral pathogens. A novel polerovirus, named Viola Philippica Polerovirus (VPPV), was identified in <i>V. philippica</i>. VPPV possesses a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome consisting of 5535 nucleotides (nt) and encodes seven highly overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Two potential recombination events were identified within ORF2, ORF3a, and ORF3, providing insights into the genetic diversity and evolution history of this novel polerovirus. An infectious cDNA clone of VPPV was successfully constructed and shown to infect <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Using a PVX-based heterologous expression system, the VPPV P0 protein was shown to trigger a systemic hypersensitive response (HR)-like reaction in <i>N. benthamiana</i>, indicating that P0 functions as the main pathogenicity determinant. These findings contributed to the detection and understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and control strategies for VPPV in <i>V. philippica</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/114Violae Herba<i>Viola philippica</i> polerovirusRNA-seqnovel virusesrecombinationhypersensitive response |
| spellingShingle | Yuanling Chen Gaoxiang Chen Jiaping Yu Yali Zhou Shifang Fei Haorong Chen Jianxiang Wu Shuai Fu Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i> Viruses Violae Herba <i>Viola philippica</i> polerovirus RNA-seq novel viruses recombination hypersensitive response |
| title | Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i> |
| title_full | Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i> |
| title_fullStr | Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i> |
| title_short | Genomic, Evolutionary, and Pathogenic Characterization of a New <i>Polerovirus</i> in Traditional Chinese Medicine <i>Viola philippica</i> |
| title_sort | genomic evolutionary and pathogenic characterization of a new i polerovirus i in traditional chinese medicine i viola philippica i |
| topic | Violae Herba <i>Viola philippica</i> polerovirus RNA-seq novel viruses recombination hypersensitive response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/114 |
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