Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak

The electromagnetic design optimization of a hybrid central solenoid (CS) coil is studied for a medium-sized superconducting fusion tokamak, which is smaller than the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor and aims to realize a fusion power gain Q > 1. The CS coil uses ReBCO and Nb3Sn conductors i...

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Main Authors: Jiandong Zhu, Xiaogang Liu, Xiang Gao, Jie Zhang, Lijuan Yu, Fanping Ding, Guoqiang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-03-01
Series:AIP Advances
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0266490
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author Jiandong Zhu
Xiaogang Liu
Xiang Gao
Jie Zhang
Lijuan Yu
Fanping Ding
Guoqiang Li
author_facet Jiandong Zhu
Xiaogang Liu
Xiang Gao
Jie Zhang
Lijuan Yu
Fanping Ding
Guoqiang Li
author_sort Jiandong Zhu
collection DOAJ
description The electromagnetic design optimization of a hybrid central solenoid (CS) coil is studied for a medium-sized superconducting fusion tokamak, which is smaller than the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor and aims to realize a fusion power gain Q > 1. The CS coil uses ReBCO and Nb3Sn conductors in the high and low field sub-coils, which are both composed of six vertically stacked modules with unequal heights. Based on the medium-sized tokamak device, a code is written to maximize the magnetic flux, meanwhile constraining the peak fields, WP height, and the total conductor length. An optimization design of the hybrid CS coil is obtained using the code. Then, the electromagnetic field at initial energization (t = 0 s) and fast discharge is calculated using Maxwell and MATLAB, respectively. The operating current exhibits exponential decay to zero during fast discharge, with the current decrease rates of the high-temperature superconductivity and low-temperature superconductivity sub-coils determined by their inductances. The Maxwell electromagnetic analysis shows good agreement with the results of the self-written code. In addition, a 2D axisymmetric finite element model, incorporating cables, conductor jackets, and insulation, is developed and simulated using ANSYS’s coupled structural–thermal–electromagnetic solver.
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issn 2158-3226
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publisher AIP Publishing LLC
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series AIP Advances
spelling doaj-art-7742d42b510b49e19cb2e2082255293a2025-08-20T01:55:52ZengAIP Publishing LLCAIP Advances2158-32262025-03-01153035152035152-810.1063/5.0266490Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamakJiandong Zhu0Xiaogang Liu1Xiang Gao2Jie Zhang3Lijuan Yu4Fanping Ding5Guoqiang Li6University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of ChinaThe electromagnetic design optimization of a hybrid central solenoid (CS) coil is studied for a medium-sized superconducting fusion tokamak, which is smaller than the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor and aims to realize a fusion power gain Q > 1. The CS coil uses ReBCO and Nb3Sn conductors in the high and low field sub-coils, which are both composed of six vertically stacked modules with unequal heights. Based on the medium-sized tokamak device, a code is written to maximize the magnetic flux, meanwhile constraining the peak fields, WP height, and the total conductor length. An optimization design of the hybrid CS coil is obtained using the code. Then, the electromagnetic field at initial energization (t = 0 s) and fast discharge is calculated using Maxwell and MATLAB, respectively. The operating current exhibits exponential decay to zero during fast discharge, with the current decrease rates of the high-temperature superconductivity and low-temperature superconductivity sub-coils determined by their inductances. The Maxwell electromagnetic analysis shows good agreement with the results of the self-written code. In addition, a 2D axisymmetric finite element model, incorporating cables, conductor jackets, and insulation, is developed and simulated using ANSYS’s coupled structural–thermal–electromagnetic solver.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0266490
spellingShingle Jiandong Zhu
Xiaogang Liu
Xiang Gao
Jie Zhang
Lijuan Yu
Fanping Ding
Guoqiang Li
Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak
AIP Advances
title Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak
title_full Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak
title_fullStr Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak
title_full_unstemmed Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak
title_short Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak
title_sort electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium sized tokamak
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0266490
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