Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomes

Abstract Background The superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (SCPA) is a standard second stage procedure in single ventricle palliation. Exact timing in most single ventricle patients depends on clinical status, age, weight and in many centers a preoperative catheterization. In this study, we aimed to...

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Main Authors: Hüseyin Sicim, Arash A. Sabati, Daniel A. Velez, Mohamad Alaeddine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03456-0
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author Hüseyin Sicim
Arash A. Sabati
Daniel A. Velez
Mohamad Alaeddine
author_facet Hüseyin Sicim
Arash A. Sabati
Daniel A. Velez
Mohamad Alaeddine
author_sort Hüseyin Sicim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (SCPA) is a standard second stage procedure in single ventricle palliation. Exact timing in most single ventricle patients depends on clinical status, age, weight and in many centers a preoperative catheterization. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting the length of hospital stay after Kawashima procedure and present our center outcomes. Methods We studied on our center’s database between 2011 and 2024. Patients who underwent Kawashima procedure were analyzed for weight, height, and age as factors that may affect outcomes such as hospital stay, complications, and mortality. The effect of surgical timing on postoperative outcomes was examined. The primary outcome was length of stay. Results We found that 15 (6.4%) of the 233 patients who underwent SCPA had interrupted inferior vena cava (IIVC) and therefore underwent the Kawashima procedure. The median age was 5.9 months (IQR, 5.2–11.2), with a 2:1 female to male distribution, and the median weight was 7.5 kg (IQR, 5.5–9.5). Of note, 4 of the patients did not have any prior surgical intervention, others were palliated with pulmonary artery (PA) band (n = 3), Blalock-Taussing (BT) shunt (n = 2), Norwood procedure (n = 3), or central shunt (n = 3). There was no mortality, and the median postoperative length of hospital stay was 9 days (IQR, 6–11). Our regression analysis showed statistically significant relationship between age and postoperative length of hospital stay (R2-adj = 0.27, p = 0.032) as well as height and postoperative length of hospital stay (R2-adj = 0.28, p = 0.03). The weight did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.13). The overall survival rate was 100% after the Kawashima procedure, and 12 patients underwent Fontan completion with hepatic vein incorporation. Conclusions Our small study suggests that age and height may have a determining effect on the length of hospital stay and its associated conditions for this procedure.
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spelling doaj-art-773ff25d9ea54c889a6019bf860069792025-08-20T03:26:47ZengBMCJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery1749-80902025-06-012011710.1186/s13019-025-03456-0Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomesHüseyin Sicim0Arash A. Sabati1Daniel A. Velez2Mohamad Alaeddine3Department of Cardiac Surgery, Phoenix Children’s HospitalDepartment of Cardiology, Phoenix Children’s HospitalDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Phoenix Children’s HospitalDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Phoenix Children’s HospitalAbstract Background The superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (SCPA) is a standard second stage procedure in single ventricle palliation. Exact timing in most single ventricle patients depends on clinical status, age, weight and in many centers a preoperative catheterization. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting the length of hospital stay after Kawashima procedure and present our center outcomes. Methods We studied on our center’s database between 2011 and 2024. Patients who underwent Kawashima procedure were analyzed for weight, height, and age as factors that may affect outcomes such as hospital stay, complications, and mortality. The effect of surgical timing on postoperative outcomes was examined. The primary outcome was length of stay. Results We found that 15 (6.4%) of the 233 patients who underwent SCPA had interrupted inferior vena cava (IIVC) and therefore underwent the Kawashima procedure. The median age was 5.9 months (IQR, 5.2–11.2), with a 2:1 female to male distribution, and the median weight was 7.5 kg (IQR, 5.5–9.5). Of note, 4 of the patients did not have any prior surgical intervention, others were palliated with pulmonary artery (PA) band (n = 3), Blalock-Taussing (BT) shunt (n = 2), Norwood procedure (n = 3), or central shunt (n = 3). There was no mortality, and the median postoperative length of hospital stay was 9 days (IQR, 6–11). Our regression analysis showed statistically significant relationship between age and postoperative length of hospital stay (R2-adj = 0.27, p = 0.032) as well as height and postoperative length of hospital stay (R2-adj = 0.28, p = 0.03). The weight did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.13). The overall survival rate was 100% after the Kawashima procedure, and 12 patients underwent Fontan completion with hepatic vein incorporation. Conclusions Our small study suggests that age and height may have a determining effect on the length of hospital stay and its associated conditions for this procedure.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03456-0KawashimaSingle ventricleCavopulmonary anastomosis
spellingShingle Hüseyin Sicim
Arash A. Sabati
Daniel A. Velez
Mohamad Alaeddine
Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomes
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Kawashima
Single ventricle
Cavopulmonary anastomosis
title Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomes
title_full Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomes
title_fullStr Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomes
title_short Kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation: the factors affecting clinical outcomes
title_sort kawashima procedure in single ventricle palliation the factors affecting clinical outcomes
topic Kawashima
Single ventricle
Cavopulmonary anastomosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03456-0
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