Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study examined the fabrication and characterization of nanosponges (NS) laden with polyoxometalates (TiW<sub>11</sub>Co) with the intention of targeting malignancy. <b>Methods</b>: By employing the emulsion solvent diffusion tech...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/347 |
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| author | Muhammad Sajjad Muhammad Zubair Malik Ayesha Bint Umar Awan Hamid Saeed Shah Muhammad Sarfraz Faisal Usman Tahir Ali Chohan Tanveer A. Wani Seema Zargar Zobia Jawad |
| author_facet | Muhammad Sajjad Muhammad Zubair Malik Ayesha Bint Umar Awan Hamid Saeed Shah Muhammad Sarfraz Faisal Usman Tahir Ali Chohan Tanveer A. Wani Seema Zargar Zobia Jawad |
| author_sort | Muhammad Sajjad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study examined the fabrication and characterization of nanosponges (NS) laden with polyoxometalates (TiW<sub>11</sub>Co) with the intention of targeting malignancy. <b>Methods</b>: By employing the emulsion solvent diffusion technique, TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS were generated by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethyl cellulose (EC) in different concentrations. <b>Results</b>: A significant numerical results encompassed a hydrodynamic particle diameter of 109.5 nm, loading efficiencies reaching 85.9%, and zeta potentials varying from −24.91 to −27.08 (mV). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to validate the TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS porous structure and surface morphology. The results of the stability investigation indicated that TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS exhibited prolonged sturdiness. Investigation examining the inhibition of enzymes revealed that TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS exhibited enhanced effectiveness against TNAP. Pharmacological evaluations of TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS demonstrated improved cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects in comparison to pure TiW<sub>11</sub>Co, thereby indicating their potential utility in targeted cancer therapy. In vivo investigations involving mice revealed that TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS caused a more substantial reduction in tumor weight and increased survival rates in comparison to pure TiW<sub>11</sub>Co. The resemblance of TiW<sub>11</sub>Co for crucial proteins associated with cancer proliferation was featured through molecular docking, thereby supporting its therapeutic potential. <b>Conclusions</b>: The TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-laden nanosponges demonstrated superior stability, enzyme inhibition, cytotoxicity, and in vivo anticancer efficacy, underscoring their potential for targeted cancer therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7736a68bfad44fdcba8525f725624280 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj-art-7736a68bfad44fdcba8525f7256242802025-08-20T02:42:24ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-02-0118334710.3390/ph18030347Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational ExplorationMuhammad Sajjad0Muhammad Zubair Malik1Ayesha Bint Umar Awan2Hamid Saeed Shah3Muhammad Sarfraz4Faisal Usman5Tahir Ali Chohan6Tanveer A. Wani7Seema Zargar8Zobia Jawad9Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanEndocrinology and Diabetes, Queens Hospital BHRUT Romford, Romford RM7 0AG, UKInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanCollege of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaLady Willingdon Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study examined the fabrication and characterization of nanosponges (NS) laden with polyoxometalates (TiW<sub>11</sub>Co) with the intention of targeting malignancy. <b>Methods</b>: By employing the emulsion solvent diffusion technique, TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS were generated by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethyl cellulose (EC) in different concentrations. <b>Results</b>: A significant numerical results encompassed a hydrodynamic particle diameter of 109.5 nm, loading efficiencies reaching 85.9%, and zeta potentials varying from −24.91 to −27.08 (mV). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to validate the TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS porous structure and surface morphology. The results of the stability investigation indicated that TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS exhibited prolonged sturdiness. Investigation examining the inhibition of enzymes revealed that TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS exhibited enhanced effectiveness against TNAP. Pharmacological evaluations of TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS demonstrated improved cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects in comparison to pure TiW<sub>11</sub>Co, thereby indicating their potential utility in targeted cancer therapy. In vivo investigations involving mice revealed that TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-NS caused a more substantial reduction in tumor weight and increased survival rates in comparison to pure TiW<sub>11</sub>Co. The resemblance of TiW<sub>11</sub>Co for crucial proteins associated with cancer proliferation was featured through molecular docking, thereby supporting its therapeutic potential. <b>Conclusions</b>: The TiW<sub>11</sub>Co-laden nanosponges demonstrated superior stability, enzyme inhibition, cytotoxicity, and in vivo anticancer efficacy, underscoring their potential for targeted cancer therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/347nanospongesbreast cancermetastasismicedocking |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Sajjad Muhammad Zubair Malik Ayesha Bint Umar Awan Hamid Saeed Shah Muhammad Sarfraz Faisal Usman Tahir Ali Chohan Tanveer A. Wani Seema Zargar Zobia Jawad Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration Pharmaceuticals nanosponges breast cancer metastasis mice docking |
| title | Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration |
| title_full | Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration |
| title_fullStr | Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration |
| title_short | Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration |
| title_sort | nanosponge encapsulated polyoxometalates unveiling the multi faceted potential against cancers and metastases through comprehensive preparation characterization and computational exploration |
| topic | nanosponges breast cancer metastasis mice docking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/347 |
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