An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive disease which is known to cause acute cardiovascular events as well as cerebrovascular events with high mortality. Unlike many other diseases, atherosclerosis is often diagnosed only after an acute or fatal event. At present, the clinical problems of atherosc...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Reabetswe Sebatana Kahwenga D. Kudzai Allan Magura Amanda Mdlophane Jan Rijn Zeevaart Mike Sathekge Maryke Kahts Sipho Mdanda Bwalya Angel Witika |
| author_facet | Reabetswe Sebatana Kahwenga D. Kudzai Allan Magura Amanda Mdlophane Jan Rijn Zeevaart Mike Sathekge Maryke Kahts Sipho Mdanda Bwalya Angel Witika |
| author_sort | Reabetswe Sebatana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive disease which is known to cause acute cardiovascular events as well as cerebrovascular events with high mortality. Unlike many other diseases, atherosclerosis is often diagnosed only after an acute or fatal event. At present, the clinical problems of atherosclerosis mainly involve the difficulty in confirming the plaques or identifying the stability of the plaques in the early phase. In recent years, the development of nanotechnology has come with various advantages including non-invasive imaging enhancement, which can be studied for the imaging of atherosclerosis. For targeted imaging and atherosclerosis treatment, nanoliposomes provide enhanced stability, drug administration, extended circulation, and less toxicity. This review discusses the current advances in the development of tailored liposomal nano-radiopharmaceutical-based techniques and their applications to atherosclerotic plaque diagnosis. This review further highlights liposomal nano-radiopharmaceutical localisation and biodistribution—key processes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Finally, this review discusses the direction and future of liposomal nano-radiopharmaceuticals as a potential clinical tool for the assessment and diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-772b3a170ce2462090919300ca4e15f2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-772b3a170ce2462090919300ca4e15f22025-08-20T02:44:54ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-02-0117224010.3390/pharmaceutics17020240An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography ApplicationsReabetswe Sebatana0Kahwenga D. Kudzai1Allan Magura2Amanda Mdlophane3Jan Rijn Zeevaart4Mike Sathekge5Maryke Kahts6Sipho Mdanda7Bwalya Angel Witika8Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South AfricaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaNuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South AfricaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South AfricaAtherosclerosis is a chronic progressive disease which is known to cause acute cardiovascular events as well as cerebrovascular events with high mortality. Unlike many other diseases, atherosclerosis is often diagnosed only after an acute or fatal event. At present, the clinical problems of atherosclerosis mainly involve the difficulty in confirming the plaques or identifying the stability of the plaques in the early phase. In recent years, the development of nanotechnology has come with various advantages including non-invasive imaging enhancement, which can be studied for the imaging of atherosclerosis. For targeted imaging and atherosclerosis treatment, nanoliposomes provide enhanced stability, drug administration, extended circulation, and less toxicity. This review discusses the current advances in the development of tailored liposomal nano-radiopharmaceutical-based techniques and their applications to atherosclerotic plaque diagnosis. This review further highlights liposomal nano-radiopharmaceutical localisation and biodistribution—key processes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Finally, this review discusses the direction and future of liposomal nano-radiopharmaceuticals as a potential clinical tool for the assessment and diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/2/240atherosclerosisnanoliposomesdiagnosisradiopharmaceuticalspositron emission tomographysingle photon emission computerised tomography |
| spellingShingle | Reabetswe Sebatana Kahwenga D. Kudzai Allan Magura Amanda Mdlophane Jan Rijn Zeevaart Mike Sathekge Maryke Kahts Sipho Mdanda Bwalya Angel Witika An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications Pharmaceutics atherosclerosis nanoliposomes diagnosis radiopharmaceuticals positron emission tomography single photon emission computerised tomography |
| title | An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications |
| title_full | An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications |
| title_fullStr | An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications |
| title_short | An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications |
| title_sort | insight to nanoliposomes as smart radiopharmaceutical delivery tools for imaging atherosclerotic plaques positron emission tomography applications |
| topic | atherosclerosis nanoliposomes diagnosis radiopharmaceuticals positron emission tomography single photon emission computerised tomography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/2/240 |
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