Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular Vesicles

Magnetic soft robots have emerged as promising tools in biomedicine due to their wireless actuation, rapid response, and compatibility with biological systems. Despite the various innovative strategies proposed for their fabrication, they suffer from complex processes and limited cellular compatibil...

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Main Authors: Wei Gao, Riccardo Tognato, Micaela Natta, Elena Della Bella, Alessandro Cianciosi, Tiziano Serra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Advanced Intelligent Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400437
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author Wei Gao
Riccardo Tognato
Micaela Natta
Elena Della Bella
Alessandro Cianciosi
Tiziano Serra
author_facet Wei Gao
Riccardo Tognato
Micaela Natta
Elena Della Bella
Alessandro Cianciosi
Tiziano Serra
author_sort Wei Gao
collection DOAJ
description Magnetic soft robots have emerged as promising tools in biomedicine due to their wireless actuation, rapid response, and compatibility with biological systems. Despite the various innovative strategies proposed for their fabrication, they suffer from complex processes and limited cellular compatibility. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore alternative approaches that are fast, mild, and highly tunable. Herein, a novel fabrication strategy for contactless assembly of soft‐robots is introduced for the first time. This technology exploits hydrodynamic instabilities at the free surface of a fluid layer, thus enabling the fabrication of centimeter‐scale robots featuring diverse structural properties. These features show a wide range of deformation modes in response to magnetic fields, including folding, bending, and expanding. Furthermore, the design and assembly of novel actuators with customized shapes as fish‐ and butterfly‐like structures is shown. The fabricated patterns exhibit different modes of motion under the influence of uniform magnetic fields. As a proof of concept, an innovative application of this technology combined with the proposed soft robots is represented by the enhanced release of extracellular vesicles.  Altogether, this novel fabrication method along with the newly developed magnetic soft robots enables the manufacturing of high‐performance, multifunctional, and cytocompatible intelligent systems.
format Article
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issn 2640-4567
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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spelling doaj-art-771ad7c406bb44f2b7b4776894147ca02025-08-20T02:55:48ZengWileyAdvanced Intelligent Systems2640-45672025-03-0173n/an/a10.1002/aisy.202400437Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular VesiclesWei Gao0Riccardo Tognato1Micaela Natta2Elena Della Bella3Alessandro Cianciosi4Tiziano Serra5AO Research Institute Davos 7270 Davos SwitzerlandAO Research Institute Davos 7270 Davos SwitzerlandAO Research Institute Davos 7270 Davos SwitzerlandAO Research Institute Davos 7270 Davos SwitzerlandAO Research Institute Davos 7270 Davos SwitzerlandAO Research Institute Davos 7270 Davos SwitzerlandMagnetic soft robots have emerged as promising tools in biomedicine due to their wireless actuation, rapid response, and compatibility with biological systems. Despite the various innovative strategies proposed for their fabrication, they suffer from complex processes and limited cellular compatibility. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore alternative approaches that are fast, mild, and highly tunable. Herein, a novel fabrication strategy for contactless assembly of soft‐robots is introduced for the first time. This technology exploits hydrodynamic instabilities at the free surface of a fluid layer, thus enabling the fabrication of centimeter‐scale robots featuring diverse structural properties. These features show a wide range of deformation modes in response to magnetic fields, including folding, bending, and expanding. Furthermore, the design and assembly of novel actuators with customized shapes as fish‐ and butterfly‐like structures is shown. The fabricated patterns exhibit different modes of motion under the influence of uniform magnetic fields. As a proof of concept, an innovative application of this technology combined with the proposed soft robots is represented by the enhanced release of extracellular vesicles.  Altogether, this novel fabrication method along with the newly developed magnetic soft robots enables the manufacturing of high‐performance, multifunctional, and cytocompatible intelligent systems.https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400437acoustic‐driven bioassembliesbiofabrications magnetic actuatorssoft robotics
spellingShingle Wei Gao
Riccardo Tognato
Micaela Natta
Elena Della Bella
Alessandro Cianciosi
Tiziano Serra
Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular Vesicles
Advanced Intelligent Systems
acoustic‐driven bioassemblies
biofabrications magnetic actuators
soft robotics
title Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular Vesicles
title_full Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular Vesicles
title_fullStr Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular Vesicles
title_full_unstemmed Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular Vesicles
title_short Sound‐Based Assembly of Magnetically Actuated Soft Robots Toward Enhanced Release of Extracellular Vesicles
title_sort sound based assembly of magnetically actuated soft robots toward enhanced release of extracellular vesicles
topic acoustic‐driven bioassemblies
biofabrications magnetic actuators
soft robotics
url https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400437
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