Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node

We describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate...

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Main Authors: Wouter A. P. van Kleunen, Niels A. Moseley, Paul J. M. Havinga, Nirvana Meratnia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2015-10-01
Series:International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/791046
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author Wouter A. P. van Kleunen
Niels A. Moseley
Paul J. M. Havinga
Nirvana Meratnia
author_facet Wouter A. P. van Kleunen
Niels A. Moseley
Paul J. M. Havinga
Nirvana Meratnia
author_sort Wouter A. P. van Kleunen
collection DOAJ
description We describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate CPU performs signal processing for the ultrasonic acoustic software-defined Modulator/Demodulator (MODEM). A Frequency Shift Keying- (FSK-) based modulation scheme with configurable symbol rates, Hamming error correction, and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) estimation for underwater positioning is implemented. The onboard sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor, can be used to measure basic environmental parameters; additional internal and external sensors are supported through industry-standard interfaces (I2C, SPI, and RS232) and an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for analog peripherals. A 433 MHz radio can be used when the node is deployed at the surface. Tests were performed to validate the low-power operation. Moreover the acoustic communication range and performance and ToA capabilities were evaluated. Results show that the node achieves the one-month lifetime, is able to perform communication in highly reflective environments, and performs ToA estimation with an accuracy of about 1-2 meters.
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publishDate 2015-10-01
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series International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
spelling doaj-art-7705b894f09246e6b9249de583ce7cba2025-08-20T03:19:14ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772015-10-011110.1155/2015/791046791046Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor NodeWouter A. P. van KleunenNiels A. MoseleyPaul J. M. HavingaNirvana MeratniaWe describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate CPU performs signal processing for the ultrasonic acoustic software-defined Modulator/Demodulator (MODEM). A Frequency Shift Keying- (FSK-) based modulation scheme with configurable symbol rates, Hamming error correction, and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) estimation for underwater positioning is implemented. The onboard sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor, can be used to measure basic environmental parameters; additional internal and external sensors are supported through industry-standard interfaces (I2C, SPI, and RS232) and an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for analog peripherals. A 433 MHz radio can be used when the node is deployed at the surface. Tests were performed to validate the low-power operation. Moreover the acoustic communication range and performance and ToA capabilities were evaluated. Results show that the node achieves the one-month lifetime, is able to perform communication in highly reflective environments, and performs ToA estimation with an accuracy of about 1-2 meters.https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/791046
spellingShingle Wouter A. P. van Kleunen
Niels A. Moseley
Paul J. M. Havinga
Nirvana Meratnia
Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
title Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node
title_full Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node
title_fullStr Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node
title_full_unstemmed Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node
title_short Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node
title_sort proteus ii design and evaluation of an integrated power efficient underwater sensor node
url https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/791046
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AT nirvanameratnia proteusiidesignandevaluationofanintegratedpowerefficientunderwatersensornode