Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node
We describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2015-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/791046 |
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| _version_ | 1849697292870746112 |
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| author | Wouter A. P. van Kleunen Niels A. Moseley Paul J. M. Havinga Nirvana Meratnia |
| author_facet | Wouter A. P. van Kleunen Niels A. Moseley Paul J. M. Havinga Nirvana Meratnia |
| author_sort | Wouter A. P. van Kleunen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate CPU performs signal processing for the ultrasonic acoustic software-defined Modulator/Demodulator (MODEM). A Frequency Shift Keying- (FSK-) based modulation scheme with configurable symbol rates, Hamming error correction, and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) estimation for underwater positioning is implemented. The onboard sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor, can be used to measure basic environmental parameters; additional internal and external sensors are supported through industry-standard interfaces (I2C, SPI, and RS232) and an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for analog peripherals. A 433 MHz radio can be used when the node is deployed at the surface. Tests were performed to validate the low-power operation. Moreover the acoustic communication range and performance and ToA capabilities were evaluated. Results show that the node achieves the one-month lifetime, is able to perform communication in highly reflective environments, and performs ToA estimation with an accuracy of about 1-2 meters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7705b894f09246e6b9249de583ce7cba |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1550-1477 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| spelling | doaj-art-7705b894f09246e6b9249de583ce7cba2025-08-20T03:19:14ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772015-10-011110.1155/2015/791046791046Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor NodeWouter A. P. van KleunenNiels A. MoseleyPaul J. M. HavingaNirvana MeratniaWe describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate CPU performs signal processing for the ultrasonic acoustic software-defined Modulator/Demodulator (MODEM). A Frequency Shift Keying- (FSK-) based modulation scheme with configurable symbol rates, Hamming error correction, and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) estimation for underwater positioning is implemented. The onboard sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor, can be used to measure basic environmental parameters; additional internal and external sensors are supported through industry-standard interfaces (I2C, SPI, and RS232) and an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for analog peripherals. A 433 MHz radio can be used when the node is deployed at the surface. Tests were performed to validate the low-power operation. Moreover the acoustic communication range and performance and ToA capabilities were evaluated. Results show that the node achieves the one-month lifetime, is able to perform communication in highly reflective environments, and performs ToA estimation with an accuracy of about 1-2 meters.https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/791046 |
| spellingShingle | Wouter A. P. van Kleunen Niels A. Moseley Paul J. M. Havinga Nirvana Meratnia Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| title | Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node |
| title_full | Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node |
| title_fullStr | Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node |
| title_short | Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node |
| title_sort | proteus ii design and evaluation of an integrated power efficient underwater sensor node |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/791046 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wouterapvankleunen proteusiidesignandevaluationofanintegratedpowerefficientunderwatersensornode AT nielsamoseley proteusiidesignandevaluationofanintegratedpowerefficientunderwatersensornode AT pauljmhavinga proteusiidesignandevaluationofanintegratedpowerefficientunderwatersensornode AT nirvanameratnia proteusiidesignandevaluationofanintegratedpowerefficientunderwatersensornode |