Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in Luffa
Plant-specific APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of genes associated with the growth and developmental processes of numerous plants. Although AP2/ERF proteins from other species have been intensively studied, no studies have been repor...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Jianting Liu Haifeng Zhong Chengjuan Cao Yuqian Wang Qianrong Zhang Qingfang Wen Haisheng Zhu Zuliang Li |
| author_facet | Jianting Liu Haifeng Zhong Chengjuan Cao Yuqian Wang Qianrong Zhang Qingfang Wen Haisheng Zhu Zuliang Li |
| author_sort | Jianting Liu |
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| description | Plant-specific APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of genes associated with the growth and developmental processes of numerous plants. Although AP2/ERF proteins from other species have been intensively studied, no studies have been reported on the AP2/ERF family of <i>Luffa cylindrica</i>, an important vegetable of the cucurbit family, and one of the most popular vegetables in the world. In this study, 133 genes (315–6696 bp) encoding LcAP2/ERF proteins with complete AP2/ERF domains were identified according to the luffa P93075 genome. These <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes were subsequently classified and analyzed for their gene structures, chromosomal distribution locations, promoter cis-acting elements, conserved structural domains of encoded proteins, and responses to abiotic stresses. The <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes were identified and divided into five phylogenetic groups (AP2, DREBs, ERFs, RAV, and soloists). These genes were unevenly distributed across 13 chromosomes. An analysis of gene structures indicated the <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes contained 0–11 introns (average of 4.4). Additionally, 16 motifs were identified in the LcAP2/ERF proteins that were conserved across different phylogenetic groups. Moreover, 11 cis-acting elements associated with response to the environment were analyzed in a 2000 bp region upstream of the <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> gene promoters. A transcriptome analysis involving RNA-seq data revealed tissue-specific <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> expression profiles and the diversity in <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> expression. The effects of low-temperature stress on <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> expression were determined. Furthermore, fruit-development-related and low-temperature-induced expressional changes were verified by RT-qPCR analyses of 14 differentially expressed <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes in luffa. Our findings will help clarify the evolution of the luffa <i>AP2/ERF</i> family, while also providing valuable insights for future studies on AP2/ERF functions. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7704fd8582d54cfbbbdb37bffd6f25162025-08-20T02:08:11ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-10-011411250910.3390/agronomy14112509Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in LuffaJianting Liu0Haifeng Zhong1Chengjuan Cao2Yuqian Wang3Qianrong Zhang4Qingfang Wen5Haisheng Zhu6Zuliang Li7Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaPlant-specific APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of genes associated with the growth and developmental processes of numerous plants. Although AP2/ERF proteins from other species have been intensively studied, no studies have been reported on the AP2/ERF family of <i>Luffa cylindrica</i>, an important vegetable of the cucurbit family, and one of the most popular vegetables in the world. In this study, 133 genes (315–6696 bp) encoding LcAP2/ERF proteins with complete AP2/ERF domains were identified according to the luffa P93075 genome. These <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes were subsequently classified and analyzed for their gene structures, chromosomal distribution locations, promoter cis-acting elements, conserved structural domains of encoded proteins, and responses to abiotic stresses. The <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes were identified and divided into five phylogenetic groups (AP2, DREBs, ERFs, RAV, and soloists). These genes were unevenly distributed across 13 chromosomes. An analysis of gene structures indicated the <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes contained 0–11 introns (average of 4.4). Additionally, 16 motifs were identified in the LcAP2/ERF proteins that were conserved across different phylogenetic groups. Moreover, 11 cis-acting elements associated with response to the environment were analyzed in a 2000 bp region upstream of the <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> gene promoters. A transcriptome analysis involving RNA-seq data revealed tissue-specific <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> expression profiles and the diversity in <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> expression. The effects of low-temperature stress on <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> expression were determined. Furthermore, fruit-development-related and low-temperature-induced expressional changes were verified by RT-qPCR analyses of 14 differentially expressed <i>LcAP2/ERF</i> genes in luffa. Our findings will help clarify the evolution of the luffa <i>AP2/ERF</i> family, while also providing valuable insights for future studies on AP2/ERF functions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2509<i>Luffa cylindrica</i>AP2/ERF transcription factorsabiotic stressexpression analysis |
| spellingShingle | Jianting Liu Haifeng Zhong Chengjuan Cao Yuqian Wang Qianrong Zhang Qingfang Wen Haisheng Zhu Zuliang Li Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in Luffa Agronomy <i>Luffa cylindrica</i> AP2/ERF transcription factors abiotic stress expression analysis |
| title | Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in Luffa |
| title_full | Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in Luffa |
| title_fullStr | Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in Luffa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in Luffa |
| title_short | Identification of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Transcription Factors and Characterization of <i>AP2/ERF</i> Genes Related to Low-Temperature Stress Response and Fruit Development in Luffa |
| title_sort | identification of i ap2 erf i transcription factors and characterization of i ap2 erf i genes related to low temperature stress response and fruit development in luffa |
| topic | <i>Luffa cylindrica</i> AP2/ERF transcription factors abiotic stress expression analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2509 |
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