Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Nuclear medicine has emerged as a critical modality in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of urological malignancies, particularly prostate cancer. Advances in single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) have enhanced tumor...

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Main Authors: Joohee Lee, Taejin Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1132
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author Joohee Lee
Taejin Kim
author_facet Joohee Lee
Taejin Kim
author_sort Joohee Lee
collection DOAJ
description Nuclear medicine has emerged as a critical modality in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of urological malignancies, particularly prostate cancer. Advances in single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) have enhanced tumor assessment across staging, treatment response, and recurrence settings. Molecular imaging, which offers insights beyond traditional anatomical imaging, is increasingly integral in specific clinical scenarios. Theranostic nuclear medicine, which combines diagnostic imaging with targeted therapy, has become a well-established treatment option, particularly for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The development of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligands has revolutionized clinical management by enabling precise disease staging and delivering effective radioligand therapy (RLT). Ongoing research aims to refine the role of PSMA PET imaging in staging and treatment monitoring, while optimizing PSMA-targeted RLT for broader clinical use. Given that prostate cancer remains highly prevalent, the anticipated increase in the demand for RLT presents both challenges and opportunities for nuclear medicine services globally. Theranostic approaches exemplify personalized medicine by enabling the tailoring of treatments to individual tumor biology, thereby improving survival outcomes and maintaining patients’ quality of life with minimal toxicity. Although the current focus is on advanced disease, future research holds promise for expanding these strategies to earlier stages, potentially enhancing curative prospects. This evolving field not only signifies a paradigm shift in the care of prostate cancer patients but also underscores the growing importance of nuclear medicine in delivering precision oncology.
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spelling doaj-art-76f9ad8f0dcf4ee0ae1a94595daaec492025-08-20T01:56:14ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-05-01135113210.3390/biomedicines13051132Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive ReviewJoohee Lee0Taejin Kim1CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA University College of Medicine, Ilsan 10414, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaCHA Ilsan Medical Center, Department of Urology, CHA University College of Medicine, Ilsan 10414, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaNuclear medicine has emerged as a critical modality in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of urological malignancies, particularly prostate cancer. Advances in single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) have enhanced tumor assessment across staging, treatment response, and recurrence settings. Molecular imaging, which offers insights beyond traditional anatomical imaging, is increasingly integral in specific clinical scenarios. Theranostic nuclear medicine, which combines diagnostic imaging with targeted therapy, has become a well-established treatment option, particularly for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The development of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligands has revolutionized clinical management by enabling precise disease staging and delivering effective radioligand therapy (RLT). Ongoing research aims to refine the role of PSMA PET imaging in staging and treatment monitoring, while optimizing PSMA-targeted RLT for broader clinical use. Given that prostate cancer remains highly prevalent, the anticipated increase in the demand for RLT presents both challenges and opportunities for nuclear medicine services globally. Theranostic approaches exemplify personalized medicine by enabling the tailoring of treatments to individual tumor biology, thereby improving survival outcomes and maintaining patients’ quality of life with minimal toxicity. Although the current focus is on advanced disease, future research holds promise for expanding these strategies to earlier stages, potentially enhancing curative prospects. This evolving field not only signifies a paradigm shift in the care of prostate cancer patients but also underscores the growing importance of nuclear medicine in delivering precision oncology.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1132nuclear medicineprostate cancerSPECTPET/CTtheranostics
spellingShingle Joohee Lee
Taejin Kim
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
Biomedicines
nuclear medicine
prostate cancer
SPECT
PET/CT
theranostics
title Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
title_full Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
title_short Current Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer from Imaging to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort current status and future perspectives of nuclear medicine in prostate cancer from imaging to therapy a comprehensive review
topic nuclear medicine
prostate cancer
SPECT
PET/CT
theranostics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1132
work_keys_str_mv AT jooheelee currentstatusandfutureperspectivesofnuclearmedicineinprostatecancerfromimagingtotherapyacomprehensivereview
AT taejinkim currentstatusandfutureperspectivesofnuclearmedicineinprostatecancerfromimagingtotherapyacomprehensivereview