Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil Application

Sludges produced in the pickling line in a steel company were applied to the soil as a secondary source of nutrients. In the experiments, the addition of two types of sludge, namely neutralization sludge (NS) and phosphatization sludge (PS), was evaluated. The listed sludges are defined as non-hazar...

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Main Authors: Jarmila Trpčevská, Gréta Maruškinová, Martina Laubertová, Klaudia Kundráková, Dušan Oráč
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/55
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author Jarmila Trpčevská
Gréta Maruškinová
Martina Laubertová
Klaudia Kundráková
Dušan Oráč
author_facet Jarmila Trpčevská
Gréta Maruškinová
Martina Laubertová
Klaudia Kundráková
Dušan Oráč
author_sort Jarmila Trpčevská
collection DOAJ
description Sludges produced in the pickling line in a steel company were applied to the soil as a secondary source of nutrients. In the experiments, the addition of two types of sludge, namely neutralization sludge (NS) and phosphatization sludge (PS), was evaluated. The listed sludges are defined as non-hazardous waste and contain elements such as iron, phosphorus, zinc, and others in minor quantities. The primary motivation for using these sludges in the soil is their phosphorus content, as phosphorus is a crucial mineral nutrient. Leaf lettuce was used as a test object. The quality of the soil in which it grew can be seen from the appearance of its leaves. The period of monitoring the growth of leaf lettuce was 35 days, while the length of the leaves was measured on different days (Days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35). Different ratios of sludge to soil were chosen (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) for the experiments. The comparative sample for evaluation of sludge addition was leaf lettuce that grew in soil without any presence of the sludge. The application of NS to the soil in all proportions significantly accelerated the growth of the lettuce, whereas the application of PS to the soil had a negative effect on the growth. Various analytical techniques, such as SEM, EDX, XRD, HR CS FAAS, and leachability tests, were used to analyze samples of the sludges.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2075-4701
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spelling doaj-art-76f4443ae9f5401aadfb5ff298cb1ebe2025-01-24T13:41:32ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-01-011515510.3390/met15010055Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil ApplicationJarmila Trpčevská0Gréta Maruškinová1Martina Laubertová2Klaudia Kundráková3Dušan Oráč4Institute of Recycling Technologies, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Košice, Letná 1/9, 042 00 Košice, SlovakiaŽP VVC, s. r. o. (Research and Development Center, s.r.o.), 976 81 Podbrezová, SlovakiaInstitute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 1/9, 042 00 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Recycling Technologies, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Košice, Letná 1/9, 042 00 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Recycling Technologies, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Košice, Letná 1/9, 042 00 Košice, SlovakiaSludges produced in the pickling line in a steel company were applied to the soil as a secondary source of nutrients. In the experiments, the addition of two types of sludge, namely neutralization sludge (NS) and phosphatization sludge (PS), was evaluated. The listed sludges are defined as non-hazardous waste and contain elements such as iron, phosphorus, zinc, and others in minor quantities. The primary motivation for using these sludges in the soil is their phosphorus content, as phosphorus is a crucial mineral nutrient. Leaf lettuce was used as a test object. The quality of the soil in which it grew can be seen from the appearance of its leaves. The period of monitoring the growth of leaf lettuce was 35 days, while the length of the leaves was measured on different days (Days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35). Different ratios of sludge to soil were chosen (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) for the experiments. The comparative sample for evaluation of sludge addition was leaf lettuce that grew in soil without any presence of the sludge. The application of NS to the soil in all proportions significantly accelerated the growth of the lettuce, whereas the application of PS to the soil had a negative effect on the growth. Various analytical techniques, such as SEM, EDX, XRD, HR CS FAAS, and leachability tests, were used to analyze samples of the sludges.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/55phosphatization sludgesoil amendmentneutralization sludgeleaching testlettuce growth
spellingShingle Jarmila Trpčevská
Gréta Maruškinová
Martina Laubertová
Klaudia Kundráková
Dušan Oráč
Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil Application
Metals
phosphatization sludge
soil amendment
neutralization sludge
leaching test
lettuce growth
title Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil Application
title_full Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil Application
title_fullStr Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil Application
title_full_unstemmed Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil Application
title_short Industrial Sludge Valorization in Soil Application
title_sort industrial sludge valorization in soil application
topic phosphatization sludge
soil amendment
neutralization sludge
leaching test
lettuce growth
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/55
work_keys_str_mv AT jarmilatrpcevska industrialsludgevalorizationinsoilapplication
AT gretamaruskinova industrialsludgevalorizationinsoilapplication
AT martinalaubertova industrialsludgevalorizationinsoilapplication
AT klaudiakundrakova industrialsludgevalorizationinsoilapplication
AT dusanorac industrialsludgevalorizationinsoilapplication