TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Recent studies expanded our knowledge of diverse pro-survival functions of short non-coding vault RNAs. One of the human vault RNA paralogs, vtRNA1-1, modulates several intracellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and drug resistance in various types of human cancer cells....

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Main Authors: EunBin Kong, Norbert Polacek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-03-01
Series:PLoS Genetics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011614
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author EunBin Kong
Norbert Polacek
author_facet EunBin Kong
Norbert Polacek
author_sort EunBin Kong
collection DOAJ
description Recent studies expanded our knowledge of diverse pro-survival functions of short non-coding vault RNAs. One of the human vault RNA paralogs, vtRNA1-1, modulates several intracellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and drug resistance in various types of human cancer cells. However, protein interaction partners and mechanisms by which vtRNA1-1 levels are controlled within the cells remained elusive. Here, we describe a regulatory process for vtRNA1-1 stabilization mediated by the newly identified interacting proteins, TRIM21 and TRIM25, in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Depleting TRIM21 or TRIM25 reduced the stability of vtRNA1-1 both in vivo and in vitro. We also identified the responsible sequence of vtRNA1-1 for the stability regulation by TRIM21 and TRIM25 and revealed another critical factor for vtRNA1-1 stability, an NSUN2-mediated methylation at C69 of vtRNA1-1. Consequently, our findings demonstrated that the TRIM proteins govern the stability of vtRNA1-1 depending on its methylation status in HCC cells. Since vtRNA1-1 is crucial for pro-survival characteristics in HCC cells, insight into vtRNA1-1 protein binding partners and the regulation of its stability can impact the development of new anticancer strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-76ee752fe3db4b93900dd5a3f03334cd2025-08-20T01:55:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042025-03-01213e101161410.1371/journal.pgen.1011614TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.EunBin KongNorbert PolacekRecent studies expanded our knowledge of diverse pro-survival functions of short non-coding vault RNAs. One of the human vault RNA paralogs, vtRNA1-1, modulates several intracellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and drug resistance in various types of human cancer cells. However, protein interaction partners and mechanisms by which vtRNA1-1 levels are controlled within the cells remained elusive. Here, we describe a regulatory process for vtRNA1-1 stabilization mediated by the newly identified interacting proteins, TRIM21 and TRIM25, in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Depleting TRIM21 or TRIM25 reduced the stability of vtRNA1-1 both in vivo and in vitro. We also identified the responsible sequence of vtRNA1-1 for the stability regulation by TRIM21 and TRIM25 and revealed another critical factor for vtRNA1-1 stability, an NSUN2-mediated methylation at C69 of vtRNA1-1. Consequently, our findings demonstrated that the TRIM proteins govern the stability of vtRNA1-1 depending on its methylation status in HCC cells. Since vtRNA1-1 is crucial for pro-survival characteristics in HCC cells, insight into vtRNA1-1 protein binding partners and the regulation of its stability can impact the development of new anticancer strategies.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011614
spellingShingle EunBin Kong
Norbert Polacek
TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
PLoS Genetics
title TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
title_full TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
title_fullStr TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
title_full_unstemmed TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
title_short TRIM21 modulates stability of pro-survival non-coding RNA vtRNA1-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
title_sort trim21 modulates stability of pro survival non coding rna vtrna1 1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011614
work_keys_str_mv AT eunbinkong trim21modulatesstabilityofprosurvivalnoncodingrnavtrna11inhumanhepatocellularcarcinomacells
AT norbertpolacek trim21modulatesstabilityofprosurvivalnoncodingrnavtrna11inhumanhepatocellularcarcinomacells