Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing Signals
This paper explores effective methods for taming rubidium atomic clocks with longwave timing signals. In an in-depth analysis of the time-difference data between the 1PPS timing signal output from the ground-wave signal received by a long-wave receiver and the 1PPS signal from UTC, we observe that t...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1049 |
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| author | Xiaolong Guan Jianfeng Wu Zhibo Zhou Yan Xing Yuji Li Huabing Wu Aiping Zhao |
| author_facet | Xiaolong Guan Jianfeng Wu Zhibo Zhou Yan Xing Yuji Li Huabing Wu Aiping Zhao |
| author_sort | Xiaolong Guan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper explores effective methods for taming rubidium atomic clocks with longwave timing signals. In an in-depth analysis of the time-difference data between the 1PPS timing signal output from the ground-wave signal received by a long-wave receiver and the 1PPS signal from UTC, we observe that the time-difference data has significant short-term jitter and long-term periodicity effects. To meet this challenge, we adopt several innovative strategies. First, we use the Fourier transform algorithm to analyse the time-frequency characteristics of the time-difference data in detail and accordingly propose a de-jittering correction algorithm for the long-wave timing data, which is aimed at improving the stability of the long-wave timing signals. Secondly, the time difference model of the rubidium clock is innovatively modified, and a quadratic polynomial superimposed with a periodic fluctuation term is constructed, which can accurately solve and eliminate the periodic components and obtain smoother time difference data. Finally, the parameters of the rubidium clock are accurately estimated by the least-squares method using the corrected smoother time difference data, and the output frequency of the rubidium clock is adjusted accordingly so that the rubidium clock is tamed effectively by the long-wave timing signal successfully. The experimental results show that the long-term stability of the tamed rubidium clock is significantly improved to 3.52 × 10<sup>−13</sup>/100,000 s; meanwhile, the phase deviation of the output 1PPS from the UTC of the tamed rubidium clock after entering the stabilisation period is kept within 25 ns. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-76e522aef5874c699a1e6b43303d6819 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-76e522aef5874c699a1e6b43303d68192025-08-20T03:44:03ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-01176104910.3390/rs17061049Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing SignalsXiaolong Guan0Jianfeng Wu1Zhibo Zhou2Yan Xing3Yuji Li4Huabing Wu5Aiping Zhao6National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaThis paper explores effective methods for taming rubidium atomic clocks with longwave timing signals. In an in-depth analysis of the time-difference data between the 1PPS timing signal output from the ground-wave signal received by a long-wave receiver and the 1PPS signal from UTC, we observe that the time-difference data has significant short-term jitter and long-term periodicity effects. To meet this challenge, we adopt several innovative strategies. First, we use the Fourier transform algorithm to analyse the time-frequency characteristics of the time-difference data in detail and accordingly propose a de-jittering correction algorithm for the long-wave timing data, which is aimed at improving the stability of the long-wave timing signals. Secondly, the time difference model of the rubidium clock is innovatively modified, and a quadratic polynomial superimposed with a periodic fluctuation term is constructed, which can accurately solve and eliminate the periodic components and obtain smoother time difference data. Finally, the parameters of the rubidium clock are accurately estimated by the least-squares method using the corrected smoother time difference data, and the output frequency of the rubidium clock is adjusted accordingly so that the rubidium clock is tamed effectively by the long-wave timing signal successfully. The experimental results show that the long-term stability of the tamed rubidium clock is significantly improved to 3.52 × 10<sup>−13</sup>/100,000 s; meanwhile, the phase deviation of the output 1PPS from the UTC of the tamed rubidium clock after entering the stabilisation period is kept within 25 ns.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1049long-wave (Loran-C)rubidium atomic clockstime-frequency analysistame atomic clocksleast squares |
| spellingShingle | Xiaolong Guan Jianfeng Wu Zhibo Zhou Yan Xing Yuji Li Huabing Wu Aiping Zhao Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing Signals Remote Sensing long-wave (Loran-C) rubidium atomic clocks time-frequency analysis tame atomic clocks least squares |
| title | Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing Signals |
| title_full | Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing Signals |
| title_fullStr | Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing Signals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing Signals |
| title_short | Algorithm for Taming Rubidium Atomic Clocks Based on Longwave (Loran-C) Timing Signals |
| title_sort | algorithm for taming rubidium atomic clocks based on longwave loran c timing signals |
| topic | long-wave (Loran-C) rubidium atomic clocks time-frequency analysis tame atomic clocks least squares |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1049 |
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