The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell line

Abstract Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments have been explored for their potential effects on muscle and adipose tissue. However, the impact of these treatments on the proliferation and differentiation of adipogenic C2C12 myoblasts, as well as the expression...

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Main Authors: Joe Chih-Hao Chiu, Poyu Chen, Kin Fong Lei, Gwo-Jyh Chang, Su-Ching Chen, Rei Higashikawa, Yi-Sheng Chan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08930-3
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author Joe Chih-Hao Chiu
Poyu Chen
Kin Fong Lei
Gwo-Jyh Chang
Su-Ching Chen
Rei Higashikawa
Yi-Sheng Chan
author_facet Joe Chih-Hao Chiu
Poyu Chen
Kin Fong Lei
Gwo-Jyh Chang
Su-Ching Chen
Rei Higashikawa
Yi-Sheng Chan
author_sort Joe Chih-Hao Chiu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments have been explored for their potential effects on muscle and adipose tissue. However, the impact of these treatments on the proliferation and differentiation of adipogenic C2C12 myoblasts, as well as the expression of muscle-related and adipose-related genes, remains unclear. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of PRP and HBO treatments on the proliferation and differentiation of adipogenic C2C12 myoblasts and to examine the expression patterns of muscle-related and adipose-related genes in response to these treatments. Methods Adipogenic C2C12 myoblasts were subjected to three courses of HBO treatment (25 min of 100% O2 following 5 min of air at 1.5 ATA) and different PRP treatments (leukocyte-rich PRP, LR-PRP; and leukocyte-poor PRP, LP-PRP). Cell proliferation rates were assessed at various time points. The expression of muscle-related genes (MYF5 and Myogenin) and adipose-related genes (Adipo-Q, FABP4, and PPARy) was analyzed using RT-PCR. Results HBO treatment alone did not stimulate myoblast proliferation, and cells exposed to HBO had lower proliferation rates compared to control. PRP treatments significantly increased cell proliferation, regardless of HBO co-treatment. Cells exposed to both HBO and PRPs had significantly lower proliferation rates than those treated with PRPs alone, suggesting that HBO negatively affects adipogenic C2C12 myoblast proliferation. The inhibitory effect of HBO was significantly alleviated by concomitant LR-PRP and LP-PRP treatments on day 5 (both P <.001). Muscle-related genes showed non-significant trends in expression after treatments, while adipose-related genes exhibited varying expression patterns, but none were statistically significant compared to control. Conclusions PRP treatments significantly increase C2C12 myoblast proliferation, while HBO treatment alone has a negative effect on proliferation. The combination of PRP and HBO treatments can alleviate the inhibitory effect of HBO. The expression of muscle-related and adipose-related genes did not show statistically significant changes in response to the treatments.
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spelling doaj-art-76de6dc13d4846dfaca725edeefda80b2025-08-20T04:01:43ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-07-0126111010.1186/s12891-025-08930-3The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell lineJoe Chih-Hao Chiu0Poyu Chen1Kin Fong Lei2Gwo-Jyh Chang3Su-Ching Chen4Rei Higashikawa5Yi-Sheng Chan6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChang Gung University College of EngineeringDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalBone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalAbstract Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments have been explored for their potential effects on muscle and adipose tissue. However, the impact of these treatments on the proliferation and differentiation of adipogenic C2C12 myoblasts, as well as the expression of muscle-related and adipose-related genes, remains unclear. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of PRP and HBO treatments on the proliferation and differentiation of adipogenic C2C12 myoblasts and to examine the expression patterns of muscle-related and adipose-related genes in response to these treatments. Methods Adipogenic C2C12 myoblasts were subjected to three courses of HBO treatment (25 min of 100% O2 following 5 min of air at 1.5 ATA) and different PRP treatments (leukocyte-rich PRP, LR-PRP; and leukocyte-poor PRP, LP-PRP). Cell proliferation rates were assessed at various time points. The expression of muscle-related genes (MYF5 and Myogenin) and adipose-related genes (Adipo-Q, FABP4, and PPARy) was analyzed using RT-PCR. Results HBO treatment alone did not stimulate myoblast proliferation, and cells exposed to HBO had lower proliferation rates compared to control. PRP treatments significantly increased cell proliferation, regardless of HBO co-treatment. Cells exposed to both HBO and PRPs had significantly lower proliferation rates than those treated with PRPs alone, suggesting that HBO negatively affects adipogenic C2C12 myoblast proliferation. The inhibitory effect of HBO was significantly alleviated by concomitant LR-PRP and LP-PRP treatments on day 5 (both P <.001). Muscle-related genes showed non-significant trends in expression after treatments, while adipose-related genes exhibited varying expression patterns, but none were statistically significant compared to control. Conclusions PRP treatments significantly increase C2C12 myoblast proliferation, while HBO treatment alone has a negative effect on proliferation. The combination of PRP and HBO treatments can alleviate the inhibitory effect of HBO. The expression of muscle-related and adipose-related genes did not show statistically significant changes in response to the treatments.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08930-3Hyperbaric oxygen treatmentPlatelet-rich plasmaMyoblastsAdipogenesis
spellingShingle Joe Chih-Hao Chiu
Poyu Chen
Kin Fong Lei
Gwo-Jyh Chang
Su-Ching Chen
Rei Higashikawa
Yi-Sheng Chan
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell line
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment
Platelet-rich plasma
Myoblasts
Adipogenesis
title The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell line
title_full The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell line
title_fullStr The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell line
title_full_unstemmed The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell line
title_short The effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic C2C12 myoblast cell line
title_sort effect of hyperbaric oxygen and platelet rich plasma treatments on the adipogenic c2c12 myoblast cell line
topic Hyperbaric oxygen treatment
Platelet-rich plasma
Myoblasts
Adipogenesis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08930-3
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