Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship Emissions
Maritime regulators are closely monitoring the progression of green shipping, and liner companies are seeking strategies to meet tough ship emission rules. To reduce the operating cost while conforming to the increasingly strict environmental regulations, the study first constructs a mixed-integer n...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/285 |
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| author | Qin Wang Jiajie Zhou Zheng Li Sinuo Liu |
| author_facet | Qin Wang Jiajie Zhou Zheng Li Sinuo Liu |
| author_sort | Qin Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maritime regulators are closely monitoring the progression of green shipping, and liner companies are seeking strategies to meet tough ship emission rules. To reduce the operating cost while conforming to the increasingly strict environmental regulations, the study first constructs a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model. Subsequently, the nonlinear parts in the objective function and constraints are transformed into linear forms. Thereafter, the model is applied to the Asia–Europe route of the CMA CGM Shipping Company to find the planned speeds and bunkering strategies for container liners sailing in expanded emission control areas (ECAs) that will be implemented in the future. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the influence of bunker tank capacity and fuel price difference on the operating cost, carbon dioxide emission, bunkering strategy and planned sailing speed. The study contributes to determining the optimal tank capacity and developing bunkering strategies at different fuel price differences. With stricter policies, operators must strategically choose refueling ports, adjust refueling amounts, and optimize planned sailing speeds based on ship and route data. The proposed approach provides a solution to the contradiction between compliance with environmental regulations and cost-effectiveness of shipping companies and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the waterway transportation industry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-76db661166e946bfb577a904e42c8adf |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-76db661166e946bfb577a904e42c8adf2025-08-20T02:42:38ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-02-0116328510.3390/atmos16030285Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship EmissionsQin Wang0Jiajie Zhou1Zheng Li2Sinuo Liu3College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaMaritime regulators are closely monitoring the progression of green shipping, and liner companies are seeking strategies to meet tough ship emission rules. To reduce the operating cost while conforming to the increasingly strict environmental regulations, the study first constructs a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model. Subsequently, the nonlinear parts in the objective function and constraints are transformed into linear forms. Thereafter, the model is applied to the Asia–Europe route of the CMA CGM Shipping Company to find the planned speeds and bunkering strategies for container liners sailing in expanded emission control areas (ECAs) that will be implemented in the future. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the influence of bunker tank capacity and fuel price difference on the operating cost, carbon dioxide emission, bunkering strategy and planned sailing speed. The study contributes to determining the optimal tank capacity and developing bunkering strategies at different fuel price differences. With stricter policies, operators must strategically choose refueling ports, adjust refueling amounts, and optimize planned sailing speeds based on ship and route data. The proposed approach provides a solution to the contradiction between compliance with environmental regulations and cost-effectiveness of shipping companies and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the waterway transportation industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/285ship emissionsbunkering strategyship speed optimizationAsia–Europe shipping routeair pollutioncarbon dioxide |
| spellingShingle | Qin Wang Jiajie Zhou Zheng Li Sinuo Liu Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship Emissions Atmosphere ship emissions bunkering strategy ship speed optimization Asia–Europe shipping route air pollution carbon dioxide |
| title | Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship Emissions |
| title_full | Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship Emissions |
| title_fullStr | Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship Emissions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship Emissions |
| title_short | Towards Sustainable Shipping: Joint Optimization of Ship Speed and Bunkering Strategy Considering Ship Emissions |
| title_sort | towards sustainable shipping joint optimization of ship speed and bunkering strategy considering ship emissions |
| topic | ship emissions bunkering strategy ship speed optimization Asia–Europe shipping route air pollution carbon dioxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/285 |
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