Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing

The pursuit of lightweight and high-strength structural design has become a critical objective in aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, and other manufacturing industries. Al/Mg bimetal composites combine the high strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability of Al alloys with the low density and...

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Main Authors: Wenxin Zhang, Yang Chen, Mingxing Han, Long Li, Ashish Kumar, Song Gao, Chuansong Wu, Lei Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425009251
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author Wenxin Zhang
Yang Chen
Mingxing Han
Long Li
Ashish Kumar
Song Gao
Chuansong Wu
Lei Shi
author_facet Wenxin Zhang
Yang Chen
Mingxing Han
Long Li
Ashish Kumar
Song Gao
Chuansong Wu
Lei Shi
author_sort Wenxin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The pursuit of lightweight and high-strength structural design has become a critical objective in aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, and other manufacturing industries. Al/Mg bimetal composites combine the high strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability of Al alloys with the low density and high stiffness of Mg alloys, offering significant application potential. This study investigates single-layer multi-track and multi-layer single-track friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) of Al/Mg composites. Surface morphology, macro/microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior were analyzed. Under optimal FSAM parameters (600 rpm, 75 mm/min, 3 mm pin length), the maximum tensile strength reached 215 MPa (transverse) and 220 MPa (longitudinal). The intermetallic compound (IMC) layer thickness decreased from the first to the fourth track due to reduced thermal cycling. In multi-layer FSAM (Mg–Al–Mg arrangement), IMC thickness at the Al/Mg interface exceeded that at the Mg/Al interface due to reheating effects. Furthermore, microhardness measurements indicate a hierarchical distribution: top Mg > bottom Mg > middle Al. It proves that the FSAM is a suitable method for fabricating Al/Mg bimetal composites. These findings provide valuable insights into the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of Al/Mg bimetal composites in additive manufacturing, contributing to their broader industrial application.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-76c7e6d5429c4d4eb9c4123c19cd26b42025-08-20T02:12:08ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01363862387210.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.102Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturingWenxin Zhang0Yang Chen1Mingxing Han2Long Li3Ashish Kumar4Song Gao5Chuansong Wu6Lei Shi7State Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, PR China; MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, PR China; MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR ChinaXi'an Innovation College of Yan'an University, Xi'an, 710100, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, PR China; MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, PR China; MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, PR China; MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, PR China.The pursuit of lightweight and high-strength structural design has become a critical objective in aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, and other manufacturing industries. Al/Mg bimetal composites combine the high strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability of Al alloys with the low density and high stiffness of Mg alloys, offering significant application potential. This study investigates single-layer multi-track and multi-layer single-track friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) of Al/Mg composites. Surface morphology, macro/microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior were analyzed. Under optimal FSAM parameters (600 rpm, 75 mm/min, 3 mm pin length), the maximum tensile strength reached 215 MPa (transverse) and 220 MPa (longitudinal). The intermetallic compound (IMC) layer thickness decreased from the first to the fourth track due to reduced thermal cycling. In multi-layer FSAM (Mg–Al–Mg arrangement), IMC thickness at the Al/Mg interface exceeded that at the Mg/Al interface due to reheating effects. Furthermore, microhardness measurements indicate a hierarchical distribution: top Mg > bottom Mg > middle Al. It proves that the FSAM is a suitable method for fabricating Al/Mg bimetal composites. These findings provide valuable insights into the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of Al/Mg bimetal composites in additive manufacturing, contributing to their broader industrial application.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425009251Al/Mg bimetal compositesFriction stir additive manufacturingIntermetallic compoundsMechanical property
spellingShingle Wenxin Zhang
Yang Chen
Mingxing Han
Long Li
Ashish Kumar
Song Gao
Chuansong Wu
Lei Shi
Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Al/Mg bimetal composites
Friction stir additive manufacturing
Intermetallic compounds
Mechanical property
title Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing
title_full Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing
title_fullStr Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing
title_short Interface microstructural and mechanical properties of Al/Mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing
title_sort interface microstructural and mechanical properties of al mg bimetal composites fabricated by friction stir additive manufacturing
topic Al/Mg bimetal composites
Friction stir additive manufacturing
Intermetallic compounds
Mechanical property
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425009251
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