Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020

Abstract Mangroves are one of Earth's “blue lungs” due to their exceptional carbon‐storage capabilities amidst rapidly increasing carbon dioxide. Despite providing numerous ecological services, their global distribution and carbon‐storage capacities have severely declined over the past 35 years...

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Main Authors: Chengyuan Ju, Dongjie Fu, Vincent Lyne, Han Xiao, Fenzhen Su, Hao Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115303
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author Chengyuan Ju
Dongjie Fu
Vincent Lyne
Han Xiao
Fenzhen Su
Hao Yu
author_facet Chengyuan Ju
Dongjie Fu
Vincent Lyne
Han Xiao
Fenzhen Su
Hao Yu
author_sort Chengyuan Ju
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mangroves are one of Earth's “blue lungs” due to their exceptional carbon‐storage capabilities amidst rapidly increasing carbon dioxide. Despite providing numerous ecological services, their global distribution and carbon‐storage capacities have severely declined over the past 35 years (1985–2020). Here, we quantify spatio‐temporal changes in global and national carbon‐stocks that include this period. We found that global mangrove area decreased from 17.35 million‐hectares in 1985 (carbon‐storage of 6.84 Pg) to 13.61 million‐hectares in 2020 (carbon‐storage of 5.72 Pg). Significant losses occurred in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia, with a global reduction of 21.6% in area and 16.5% in carbon‐stocks. Potential maximum loss of accumulated carbon‐storage in mangroves was equivalent to 4.13 Pg of CO2, accounting for 0.4% of the global cumulative fossil CO2 emissions (1,009 Pg) during 1985–2020. This study provides more comprehensive and accurate statistics, maps, and insights on estimating and reducing mangrove carbon emissions to support global and national protection policies.
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institution Kabale University
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language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Wiley
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-76c42d89a4e04f9ca4550e3bfa46856e2025-08-20T03:59:22ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-04-01528n/an/a10.1029/2025GL115303Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020Chengyuan Ju0Dongjie Fu1Vincent Lyne2Han Xiao3Fenzhen Su4Hao Yu5School of Geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart TAS AustraliaAgricultural Engineering Information Research Institute Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing ChinaSchool of Geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaAbstract Mangroves are one of Earth's “blue lungs” due to their exceptional carbon‐storage capabilities amidst rapidly increasing carbon dioxide. Despite providing numerous ecological services, their global distribution and carbon‐storage capacities have severely declined over the past 35 years (1985–2020). Here, we quantify spatio‐temporal changes in global and national carbon‐stocks that include this period. We found that global mangrove area decreased from 17.35 million‐hectares in 1985 (carbon‐storage of 6.84 Pg) to 13.61 million‐hectares in 2020 (carbon‐storage of 5.72 Pg). Significant losses occurred in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia, with a global reduction of 21.6% in area and 16.5% in carbon‐stocks. Potential maximum loss of accumulated carbon‐storage in mangroves was equivalent to 4.13 Pg of CO2, accounting for 0.4% of the global cumulative fossil CO2 emissions (1,009 Pg) during 1985–2020. This study provides more comprehensive and accurate statistics, maps, and insights on estimating and reducing mangrove carbon emissions to support global and national protection policies.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115303mangrovespatiotemporal changecarbon‐stock changes
spellingShingle Chengyuan Ju
Dongjie Fu
Vincent Lyne
Han Xiao
Fenzhen Su
Hao Yu
Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020
Geophysical Research Letters
mangrove
spatiotemporal change
carbon‐stock changes
title Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020
title_full Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020
title_fullStr Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020
title_full_unstemmed Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020
title_short Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon‐Stock From 1985 to 2020
title_sort global declines in mangrove area and carbon stock from 1985 to 2020
topic mangrove
spatiotemporal change
carbon‐stock changes
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115303
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AT hanxiao globaldeclinesinmangroveareaandcarbonstockfrom1985to2020
AT fenzhensu globaldeclinesinmangroveareaandcarbonstockfrom1985to2020
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