Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method

Abstract Edge detection plays an important role in interpreting geophysical potential field data and revealing faults, contacts, and other linear tectonic structures. Various methods have been proposed to detect and enhance edges; however, they are often sensitive to noise, unable to adequately bala...

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Main Authors: Zhixin Xue, Jian Fang, Dongmei Guo, Panpan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Earth, Planets and Space
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02232-7
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author Zhixin Xue
Jian Fang
Dongmei Guo
Panpan Zhang
author_facet Zhixin Xue
Jian Fang
Dongmei Guo
Panpan Zhang
author_sort Zhixin Xue
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Edge detection plays an important role in interpreting geophysical potential field data and revealing faults, contacts, and other linear tectonic structures. Various methods have been proposed to detect and enhance edges; however, they are often sensitive to noise, unable to adequately balance amplitude information across different depths, and may introduce false edges that require manual removal. To overcome these limitations, we present an improved method called the hyperbolic tangent function with Gaussian envelope constraints on the horizontal gravity gradient tilt angle (THTAHG) that is based on the tilt angle of the horizontal gravity gradient and the hyperbolic tangent (TANH) function under Gaussian envelope constraints. The applicability of the method is illustrated with three synthetic models and actual gravity data. Compared with existing edge detection techniques, our method provides clearer and more precise identification results, with enhanced stability and without introducing spurious boundaries. Finally, to address the problem of the plate boundary division and internal response of the Tibetan Plateau, this research studies the characteristics of the distribution of the tectonic structures of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings on the basis of the THTAHG method with Bouguer gravity anomaly data. A total of 20 fault zones are identified, which have been verified by previous studies. We verify the existence of the central uplift zone of the Qiangtang Basin. These experiments demonstrate that this work provides an effective method for studying tectonic boundaries and geodynamic evolution. Graphical Abstract
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institution Kabale University
issn 1880-5981
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher SpringerOpen
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series Earth, Planets and Space
spelling doaj-art-76bfe93ba9d846fab2ee7e9670489c692025-08-20T03:37:23ZengSpringerOpenEarth, Planets and Space1880-59812025-07-0177112010.1186/s40623-025-02232-7Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection methodZhixin Xue0Jian Fang1Dongmei Guo2Panpan Zhang3State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Civil Engineering, Henan University of EngineeringAbstract Edge detection plays an important role in interpreting geophysical potential field data and revealing faults, contacts, and other linear tectonic structures. Various methods have been proposed to detect and enhance edges; however, they are often sensitive to noise, unable to adequately balance amplitude information across different depths, and may introduce false edges that require manual removal. To overcome these limitations, we present an improved method called the hyperbolic tangent function with Gaussian envelope constraints on the horizontal gravity gradient tilt angle (THTAHG) that is based on the tilt angle of the horizontal gravity gradient and the hyperbolic tangent (TANH) function under Gaussian envelope constraints. The applicability of the method is illustrated with three synthetic models and actual gravity data. Compared with existing edge detection techniques, our method provides clearer and more precise identification results, with enhanced stability and without introducing spurious boundaries. Finally, to address the problem of the plate boundary division and internal response of the Tibetan Plateau, this research studies the characteristics of the distribution of the tectonic structures of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings on the basis of the THTAHG method with Bouguer gravity anomaly data. A total of 20 fault zones are identified, which have been verified by previous studies. We verify the existence of the central uplift zone of the Qiangtang Basin. These experiments demonstrate that this work provides an effective method for studying tectonic boundaries and geodynamic evolution. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02232-7Edge detectionTilt anglePotential field dataGravity anomalyTibetan Plateau
spellingShingle Zhixin Xue
Jian Fang
Dongmei Guo
Panpan Zhang
Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method
Earth, Planets and Space
Edge detection
Tilt angle
Potential field data
Gravity anomaly
Tibetan Plateau
title Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method
title_full Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method
title_fullStr Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method
title_short Characterization of the tectonic structures on the Tibetan Plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method
title_sort characterization of the tectonic structures on the tibetan plateau using gravity anomaly data and an improved edge detection method
topic Edge detection
Tilt angle
Potential field data
Gravity anomaly
Tibetan Plateau
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02232-7
work_keys_str_mv AT zhixinxue characterizationofthetectonicstructuresonthetibetanplateauusinggravityanomalydataandanimprovededgedetectionmethod
AT jianfang characterizationofthetectonicstructuresonthetibetanplateauusinggravityanomalydataandanimprovededgedetectionmethod
AT dongmeiguo characterizationofthetectonicstructuresonthetibetanplateauusinggravityanomalydataandanimprovededgedetectionmethod
AT panpanzhang characterizationofthetectonicstructuresonthetibetanplateauusinggravityanomalydataandanimprovededgedetectionmethod