The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicans

Background: Heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) is a porous denture material prone to microbial attachment due to water absorption. Candida albicans (C. albicans) in PMMA can cause denture stomatitis. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess antimicrobial properties. Objectives:...

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Main Authors: Dedi Fardiaz, Dyah Irnawati, Nuryono Nuryono
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidade Estadual Paulista 2024-09-01
Series:Brazilian Dental Science
Online Access:https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4201
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author Dedi Fardiaz
Dyah Irnawati
Nuryono Nuryono
author_facet Dedi Fardiaz
Dyah Irnawati
Nuryono Nuryono
author_sort Dedi Fardiaz
collection DOAJ
description Background: Heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) is a porous denture material prone to microbial attachment due to water absorption. Candida albicans (C. albicans) in PMMA can cause denture stomatitis. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess antimicrobial properties. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding various concentrations of ZnO NPs to PMMA on surface contact angle and C. albicans adhesion. Material and Methods: The PMMA samples (10x10x2mm) were prepared with ZnO NPs concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% (n=4). The samples were soaked in distilled water 48 hours at 37°C. The contact angle test was performed using drop-profile analysis. C. albicans adhesion test was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) for cell viability. The distribution profile of Zn element was observed using SEM-EDX. The release of Zn2+ was tested by analyzing the aqueous solution after sample immersion AAS. Results: The mean contact angles (°): 82.96±4.20; 82.36±0.66; 86.25±4.49; and 92.82±5.40. Results of post-hoc LSD showing differences only in the 7.5% ZnO NPs group. The mean viability C. albicans (%): 2.27±0.80; 1.55±0.50; 1.45±0.33; and 1.43±0.12. There was a tendency of decreasing means with increasing concentrations. However, this trend was not consistent with one-way ANOVA, which indicated no significant differences among the treatment groups. SEM-EDX demonstrated ZnO NPs distribution within PMMA’s matrix. AAS results revealed no Zn2+ presence in distilled water. Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of ZnO NPs to PMMA results in an increased contact angle, while exhibiting a statistically non-significant reduction in C. albicans adhesion. KEYWORDS C.albicans; Contact angle; Nanoparticles; PMMA; ZnO.
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spelling doaj-art-76b2d9b0322041c48485a976ce79cc062025-08-22T13:49:27ZengUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilian Dental Science2178-60112024-09-0127210.4322/bds.2024.e4201The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicansDedi Fardiaz0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-8980Dyah Irnawati1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6762-0859Nuryono Nuryono2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-4128Universitas Gadjah Mada, Magister Dental Science Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Universitas Gadjah Mada, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Universitas Gadjah Mada, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Background: Heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) is a porous denture material prone to microbial attachment due to water absorption. Candida albicans (C. albicans) in PMMA can cause denture stomatitis. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess antimicrobial properties. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding various concentrations of ZnO NPs to PMMA on surface contact angle and C. albicans adhesion. Material and Methods: The PMMA samples (10x10x2mm) were prepared with ZnO NPs concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% (n=4). The samples were soaked in distilled water 48 hours at 37°C. The contact angle test was performed using drop-profile analysis. C. albicans adhesion test was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) for cell viability. The distribution profile of Zn element was observed using SEM-EDX. The release of Zn2+ was tested by analyzing the aqueous solution after sample immersion AAS. Results: The mean contact angles (°): 82.96±4.20; 82.36±0.66; 86.25±4.49; and 92.82±5.40. Results of post-hoc LSD showing differences only in the 7.5% ZnO NPs group. The mean viability C. albicans (%): 2.27±0.80; 1.55±0.50; 1.45±0.33; and 1.43±0.12. There was a tendency of decreasing means with increasing concentrations. However, this trend was not consistent with one-way ANOVA, which indicated no significant differences among the treatment groups. SEM-EDX demonstrated ZnO NPs distribution within PMMA’s matrix. AAS results revealed no Zn2+ presence in distilled water. Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of ZnO NPs to PMMA results in an increased contact angle, while exhibiting a statistically non-significant reduction in C. albicans adhesion. KEYWORDS C.albicans; Contact angle; Nanoparticles; PMMA; ZnO. https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4201
spellingShingle Dedi Fardiaz
Dyah Irnawati
Nuryono Nuryono
The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicans
Brazilian Dental Science
title The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicans
title_full The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicans
title_fullStr The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicans
title_full_unstemmed The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicans
title_short The effect of ZnO nanoparticles addition to PMMA on surface contact angle and adhesion of Candida albicans
title_sort effect of zno nanoparticles addition to pmma on surface contact angle and adhesion of candida albicans
url https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4201
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